括

括	U+62EC, 括 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62EC

← 拫
[U+62EB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

拭 →
[U+62ED]

Translingual

Han character

括 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹十口 (QHJR), four-corner 5206₄, composition ⿰扌舌)

Derived characters

𠸓𣸅葀𣕔𮖔

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 427, character 19

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11988

Dae Jaweon: page 776, character 16

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1870, character 1

Unihan data for U+62EC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		括
alternative forms		𢬸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
咶	qʰroːds, qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話	*ɡroːds
刮	*kroːd
鴰	kroːd, koːd
趏	kroːd, kʰroːd
舌	ɡroːd, ɦbljed
姡	ɡroːd, ɡoːd
頢	ɡroːd, koːd
括	*koːd
活	koːd, ɡoːd
适	koːd, kʰoːd
栝	koːd, l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸	koːd, ɡoːd
髺	*koːd
聒	*koːd
銛	koːd, slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀	*koːd
懖	*koːd
筈	koːd, kʰoːd
萿	*koːd
蛞	*kʰoːd
闊	*kʰoːd
秳	*ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːd) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuò, guā

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ, ㄍㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kut³, gwaat³
Eastern Min (BUC): guák
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): koat / khoat / koah

(Teochew, Peng'im): guag⁴ / guêg⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷kuaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuo⁴
  - Yale: kwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
  - Palladius: ко (ko)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guā
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gua
  - Wade–Giles: kua¹
  - Yale: gwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
  - Palladius: гуа (gua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kut³, gwaat³
  - Yale: kut, gwaat
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kut⁸, gwaat⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: kud³, guad³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːt̚³/, /kʷaːt̚³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: guák
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɑʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
  - Tâi-lô: kuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koad
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoat
  - Tâi-lô: khuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰuat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuat̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah
  - Tâi-lô: kuah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaq
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/

Note:

koat/khoat - literary;
koah - vernacular (“Classifier for groups of people”).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guag⁴ / guêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuak / kuek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuak̚²/, /kuek̚²/

Note:

guag4 - Shantou;
guêg4 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁷kuaq
  - MiniDict: kuah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴kuaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kuaʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: kwat

Rime
Character	括
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古活切
Baxter	kwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwat̚/
Li Rong	/kuɑt̚/
Wang Li	/kuɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gut³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*koːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	括
Reading #	1/1
No.	7567
Phonetic component	桰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	括
Old Chinese	/*koːd/
Notes	從氏下口聲同有塞義

Definitions

括

^† to tie; to tie up; to tie together
^† to seek; to search for
to embrace; to enclose
to include; to encompass
to enclose in brackets
a surname
(Hokkien) Classifier for groups of people.

Synonyms

(group of people): 伙 (huǒ), 幫子／帮子 (bāngzi), 群 (qún)

Compounds

刷括
包括 (bāokuò)
含括
囊括 (nángkuò)
大括弧
帖括
帖括業／帖括业
扎括
括刷
括剌剌
括囊
括囊守祿／括囊守禄
括囊拱手
括地皮
括帖
括弧 (kuòhú)
括括叫
括搭
括毒
括約肌／括约肌 (kuòyuējī)
括號／括号 (kuòhào)
括髮／括发
搜括 (sōuguā)
概括 (gàikuò)
概括承受
機括／机括
檢括／检括
檃括
櫽括／𬄩括
沈括
瘦括括
盆成括
盤成括／盘成括
簡括／简括 (jiǎnkuò)
籠括／笼括
統括／统括 (tǒngkuò)
綜括／综括 (zōngkuò)
總括／总括 (zǒngkuò)
罵罵括括／骂骂括括
賅括／赅括
隱括／隐括
頂括括／顶括括

Descendants

→ Thai: กวด (gùuat)

Japanese

Kanji

括

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

fasten, tie up, arrest, constrict (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Readings

Go-on: かち (kachi)
Kan-on: かつ (katsu, Jōyō)
Kun: くくる (kukuru, 括る); くくり (kukuri)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 括 (MC kwat). Recorded as Middle Korean 괄〮 (kwál) (Yale: kwal) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 括 (eumhun 묶을 괄 (mukkeul gwal))

Hanja form^? of 괄 (“inclusion; encompass”).

Compounds

총괄 (總括, chonggwal, “general; overall; summary”)
일괄 (一括, ilgwal, “doing in bulk; in a lump sum; lump package”)
포괄 (包括, pogwal, “comprehensiveness”)
괄호 (括弧, gwalho, “a parenthesis; a bracket”)
통괄 (統括, tonggwal, “unification”)
괄약근 (括約筋, gwaryakgeun, “(anatomy) sphincter”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

括: Hán Nôm readings: quát, khoát, quất, quét

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