U+5E3D, 帽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E3D

[U+5E3C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5E3E]

帽 U+2F886, 帽
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F886
帨
[U+2F885]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 幩
[U+2F887]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 50, +9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中月日月山 (LBABU), four-corner 46260, composition )

References

Chinese

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𫷀
alternative forms

𧛕

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *muːɡs) : semantic (cloth) + phonetic (OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ).

Etymology

Wanderwort of Southeastern and Eastern Asia, thus its origin is disputed.

Possibly from Sino-Tibetan. It has been compared to Tibetan རྨོག (rmog, helmet) (Starostin; Sagart, 2017) and Rgyalrongic forms for “mushroom” (cf. Breton tog-touseg, literally “frog hat”), such as Japhug jmɤɣ (Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) suggests an Austroasiatic derivation since this is a relatively late word and Shuowen defines (an ancient form of ) as “head cover” of the Southern indigenous people, which may allude to a southern origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *muuk ~ muək (hat), whence Mon ဒမှော် (həmok, wide hat) and Khmer មួក (muək), which he also connects to (OC *mu, “metal cap; helmet”). Also compare Thai หมวก (mùuak), which Schuessler (2007) derives from the Khmer word. However, Alves (2018) considers it likely for the Proto-Mon-Khmer word to be a loan from Chinese, and Alves (2020) also suggests that the Tai forms spread from Chinese.

Often considered to be related to (OC *muːɡs, “to cover”) (Wang, 1982; Starostin), though Schuessler (2007) thinks that it may be reinterpreted as such based on parallel development of (OC *bralʔ, *brals, “to cover; bedding”).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • bō - vernacular;
  • mō͘ - literary.
    Note:
    • mau5 - vernacular;
    • mau4 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /mɑu⁵¹/
    Harbin /mau⁵³/
    Tianjin /mɑu⁵³/
    Jinan /mɔ²¹/
    Qingdao /mɔ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /mau³¹²/
    Xi'an /mau⁴⁴/
    Xining /mɔ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /mɔ¹³/
    Lanzhou /mɔ¹³/
    Ürümqi /mɔ²¹³/
    Wuhan /mau³⁵/
    Chengdu /mau¹³/
    Guiyang /mao²¹³/
    Kunming /mɔ²¹²/
    Nanjing /mɔo⁴⁴/
    Hefei /mɔ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /mau⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /mɔ³⁵/
    Hohhot /mɔ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /mɔ²³/
    Suzhou /mæ³¹/
    Hangzhou /mɔ¹³/
    Wenzhou /mɜ²²/
    Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/
    Tunxi /mən²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /mau⁵⁵/
    /mau¹¹/
    Xiangtan /maɯ²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /mɑu²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /mau⁵³/
    Taoyuan /mo⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /mou³⁵/
    Nanning /mu²²/
    Hong Kong /mou³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bo²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /mɔ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mau⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /bo³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /mau³⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (4)
    Final () (89)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter mawH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /mɑuH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /mɑuH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /mɑuH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /mawH/
    Li
    Rong
    /mɑuH/
    Wang
    Li
    /mɑuH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /mɑuH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    mào
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    mou6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    mào
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ mawH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mˁuk-s/
    English hat

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8917
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*muːɡs/
    Notes

    Definitions

    1. hat; cap (Classifier: c)
    2. cap (protective cover)
         mào   cap of a pen
    3. (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, slang) Short for 戴綠帽戴绿帽 (“to cuckold”).

    Synonyms

    Compounds

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (ぼう) ()
    • Vietnamese: mạo ()

    Others:

    • Bouyei: maauh
    • ? Lao: ໝວກ (mūak)
    • ? Proto-Mon-Khmer: *muuk ~ muək (hat)
    • ? Thai: หมวก (mùuak)
    • Vietnamese:
    • Zhuang: mauh

    References

    Japanese

    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai
    [1]

    󠄁
    +&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    󠄃
    +&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. cap

    Readings

    Compounds

    References

    1. ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024

    Korean

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    Wikisource • (mo) (hangeul )

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Nôm readings: mạo, mão,

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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