天和

Chinese
day; sky; heaven
 
mix together; peace; harmony
mix together; peace; harmony; and; with; union; cap (a poem); respond in singing; soft; warm
simp. and trad.
(天和)		 天 和
alternative forms 天胡
天糊 Cantonese

Pronunciation

Noun

天和

  1. (mahjong) heavenly hand; a winning hand drawn by the dealer at the beginning of the game

Coordinate terms

Descendants
  • Japanese: 天和 (tenhō)

Proper noun

天和

  1. (astronomy) Tianhe (the core module of the Tiangong space station).

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
天 和
テン
Grade: 1		 ホー
Grade: 3
irregular

From Mandarin 天和 (tiānhú).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) テ​ンホー [téꜜǹhòò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [tẽ̞ɰ̃ho̞ː]

Noun

天(テン)和(ホー) • (tenhō) 

  1. (mahjong) heavenly hand: a winning hand drawn by the dealer at the beginning of the game, worth 役満 (yakuman, “limit”)
    Hypernym: 役満貫 (yaku-mangan)
Coordinate terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
天 和
てん
Grade: 1		 わ > な
Grade: 3
goon irregular

/ten.wa/ → /teɰ̃ɰa/ → /teɰa/ → /tenːa/

Shift from Tenwa below.

The wa changes to na as an instance of renjō (連声).

Proper noun

天(てん)和(な) • (Tenna) ←てんわ (ten'wa)?

  1. (historical) the Tenna era, 1681-1684
See also

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
天 和
てん
Grade: 1		 わ
Grade: 3
goon
公稱丕顯德，以予小子揚文武烈，奉答天命，和恆四方民，居師；惇宗將禮，稱秩元祀，咸秩無文。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
公称丕显德，以予小子扬文武烈，奉答天命，和恒四方民，居师；惇宗将礼，称秩元祀，咸秩无文。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Gōng chēng pī xiǎn dé, yǐ yǔ xiǎozǐ yáng wén wǔ liè, fèng dá tiānmìng, hé héng sìfāng mín, jū shī; dūn zōng jiāng lǐ, chēng zhì yuán sì, xián zhì wú wén. [Pinyin]
You [the duke] have set forth the great and illustrious virtues, that I [the king], notwithstanding my youth, may display a brilliant merit like that of Wen and Wu, reverently responding to the favouring decree of Heaven; and harmonize and long preserve the people of all the regions, settling the multitudes (in Luo); and that I may give due honour to the great ceremony (of recording) the most distinguished (for their merits), regulating the order for the first places at the sacrifices, and doing everything in an orderly manner without display.
嘉承天和，伊樂厥福。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
嘉承天和，伊乐厥福。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
Jiā chéng tiān hé, yī yuè jué fú. [Pinyin]
(please add an English translation of this usage example)
天人協和，萬國咸寧。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
天人协和，万国咸宁。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
Tiānrén xiéhé, wànguó xián níng. [Pinyin]
(please add an English translation of this usage example)
夫明白於天地之德者，此之謂大本大宗，與天和者也；所以均調天下，與人和者也。與人和者，謂之人樂；與天和者，謂之天樂。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
夫明白于天地之德者，此之谓大本大宗，与天和者也；所以均调天下，与人和者也。与人和者，谓之人乐；与天和者，谓之天乐。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Fū míngbái yú tiāndì zhī dé zhě, cǐ zhī wèi dàběn dàzōng, yǔ tiān hé zhě yě; suǒ yǐ jūn diào tiānxià, yǔ rén hé zhě yě. Yǔ rén hé zhě, wèi zhī rén yuè; yǔ tiān hé zhě, wèi zhī tiān yuè. [Pinyin]
The clear understanding of the virtue of Heaven and Earth is what is called 'The Great Root,' and 'The Great Origin;' - they who have it are in harmony with Heaven, and so they produce all equable arrangements in the world - they are those who are in harmony with men. Being in harmony with men is called the joy of men; being in harmony with Heaven is called the joy of Heaven.

Literally “heavenly harmony”.

Proper noun

天(てん)和(わ) • (Tenwa) 

  1. (historical, archaic) Historic reading of 天和 (Tenna) (see above)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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