堄

堄	U+5804, 堄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5804

← 堃
[U+5803]

CJK Unified Ideographs

堅 →
[U+5805]

Translingual

Han character

堄 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土竹難山 (GHXU), four-corner 4711₇, composition ⿰土兒)

Further reading

Kangxi Dictionary: page 232, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5209

Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 454, character 3

Unihan data for U+5804

Chinese

simp. and trad.		堄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (兒) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
掜	rŋeː, ŋeːʔ
誽	*rŋeː
倪	*ŋeː
蜺	ŋeː, ŋeː
霓	ŋeː, ŋeːs, *ŋeː
郳	*ŋeː
齯	*ŋeː
婗	*ŋeː
輗	*ŋeː
棿	*ŋeː
猊	*ŋeː
麑	*ŋeː
貎	*ŋeː
鯢	*ŋeː
兒	ŋeː, ŋje
觬	ŋeː, ŋeːʔ
堄	ŋeːʔ, ŋeːs
晲	*ŋeːʔ
睨	*ŋeːs
唲	*ŋje
隉	*ŋeːd
鶂	*ŋeːɡ
鬩	*ɦŋeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːʔ, *ŋeːs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 兒 (OC *ŋeː, *ŋje).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nì (ni⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁴, ai⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nì
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nì
  - Wade–Giles: ni⁴
  - Yale: nì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
  - Palladius: ни (ni)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngai⁴, ai⁶
  - Yale: ngàih, aih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁴, ai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁴, ei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²¹/, /ɐi̯²²/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gí
  - Tâi-lô: gí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi⁵³/

Middle Chinese: ngejX, ngejH

Rime
Character	堄	堄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	研啓切	五計切
Baxter	ngejX	ngejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋei^X/	/ŋei^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋei^X/	/ŋei^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɛi^X/	/ŋɛi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɛj^X/	/ŋɛj^H/
Li Rong	/ŋei^X/	/ŋei^H/
Wang Li	/ŋiei^X/	/ŋiei^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋiei^X/	/ŋiei^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐ	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai⁵	ngai⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋeːʔ/, /*ŋeːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堄	堄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2750	2755
Phonetic component	兒	兒
Rime group	支	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	堄	詣
Old Chinese	/*ŋeːʔ/	/*ŋeːs/
Notes	見漢簡	見漢簡

Definitions

堄

Used in 埤堄.
(Xiamen Hokkien) to pile up; to stack up
Synonym: 摞

References

“堄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 1), p. 87

Japanese

Kanji

堄

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): げん (gen)

Kun: ひめがき (himegaki)

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