U+53D4, 叔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53D4

[U+53D3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+53D5]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 29, +6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜火水 (YFE), four-corner 27940, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 165, character 42
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3154
  • Dae Jaweon: page 376, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 396, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53D4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hljɯwɢ) : phonetic (OC *hljɯwɢ, wooden stake) + semantic (hand) – using a wooden stake to dig the ground. Later borrowed for other uses.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
 

𠁮
𡬟
𡬧
𡭫

𠁮
𡬟
𡬧
𡭫
𭣬
𠦑
𢆑

Sagart (1999) connects it to (OC *ᵃtuk, “middle”) and reconstructs the Old Chinese as *ᵇs-tuk, the prefix possibly having a nominalizing function.

Alternatively, Starostin proposes a possible derivation from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(h)u (~ -iw) (nephew) and reconstructs the Old Chinese as *tikʷ (< *tiw-k?) ~ *tu-k.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • chek/chiak/cheh - vernacular (“paternal uncle; uncle; dad”);
  • siok - literary.
    Note:
    • zêg4 - vernacular;
    • sog4 - literary.
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai):
          • Wugniu: 7soq
          • MiniDict: soh
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 4soq
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /soʔ⁵⁵/
      • Xiang
        • (Changsha)
          • Wiktionary: shou6
          • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʂəu̯²⁴/
          • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /səu̯²⁴/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (26)
Final () (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter syuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕiuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕuwk̚/
Li
Rong
/ɕiuk̚/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
suk1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shū
Middle
Chinese
‹ syuwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-tiwk/
English 3rd of 4 brothers

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11759
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljɯwɢ/

Definitions

  1. third brother (of four)
  2. paternal uncle (father's younger brother)
  3. brother-in-law (husband's younger brother)
  4. uncle (a term of address for a man around one's father's age or slightly younger)
  5. (historical) shu, a high rank in the early Zhou aristocracy
    • 4th cent. BC, 《竹書紀年》 (Bamboo Annals), s.v. "周宣王" (Xuan King):
      五年... 秋八月,方帥師伐荊蠻
      Year 5 [c. 820 BC]... Autumn, Month 8: Fangshu ("Uncle" Fang) led a force to slaughter the Jingman.
    三監是管叔鮮、蔡叔度和霍叔處。
    The Three Guards were Guanshu Xian, Caishu Du, and Huoshu Chu.
  6. (Mainland China Hokkien, euphemistic) dad; father
  7. a surname
Synonyms

Compounds

  • 三叔 (sānshū)
  • 世叔
  • 中叔
  • 么叔
  • 二叔 (èrshū)
  • 五叔
  • 以叔援嫂
  • 仲叔
  • 伯仲叔季 (bózhòngshūjì)
  • 伯叔
  • 伯夷叔齊伯夷叔齐
  • 保叔塔
  • 叔丈
  • 叔丈人
  • 叔丈母
  • 叔于田
  • 叔仲
  • 叔伯 (shūbai)
  • 叔先
  • 叔公 (shūgōng)
  • 叔叔
  • 叔向
  • 叔均
  • 叔夏
  • 叔夜
  • 叔妹
  • 叔姑
  • 叔姪叔侄 (shūzhí)
  • 叔婆 (shūpó)
  • 叔子 (shūzi)
  • 叔季 (shūjì)
  • 叔孫叔孙 (shūsūn)
  • 叔山
  • 叔帶叔带
  • 叔度
  • 叔度陂
  • 叔度陂湖
  • 叔待
  • 叔援嫂溺
  • 叔敖
  • 叔旦
  • 叔服
  • 叔母 (shūmǔ)
  • 叔父 (shūfù)
  • 叔牙
  • 叔獻叔献
  • 叔相
  • 叔祖 (shūzǔ)
  • 叔祖母 (shūzǔmǔ)
  • 叔翁
  • 叔舅
  • 叔豹
  • 叔達叔达
  • 叔郎
  • 叔鮪叔鲔
  • 叔齊叔齐
  • 同叔
  • 四叔 (sìshū)
  • 大叔 (dàshū)
  • 大叔于田
  • 太叔 (Tàishū)
  • 夷叔
  • 女叔
  • 嫂溺叔援
  • 子叔
  • 孟仲叔季
  • 季叔
  • 孫叔孙叔
  • 家叔
  • 小叔 (xiǎoshū)
  • 小叔子 (xiǎoshūzi)
  • 小爺叔小爷叔
  • 山姆叔叔 (Shānmǔ shūshu)
  • 山姆大叔 (Shānmǔ Dàshū)
  • 師叔师叔 (shīshū)
  • 庶叔
  • 廖叔
  • 從叔从叔
  • 從祖叔母从祖叔母
  • 惠叔
  • 戎叔
  • 方叔
  • 族叔
  • 步叔
  • 班叔
  • 申叔
  • 痴叔
  • 癡叔痴叔
  • 皇叔 (huángshū)
  • 磬叔
  • 老叔
  • 芻叔刍叔
  • 范叔
  • 蔡叔
  • 血叔
  • 表叔 (biǎoshū)
  • 衰叔
  • 賢叔贤叔
  • 阿叔 (āshū)
  • 飂叔𮨵叔
  • 飂叔安𮨵叔安
  • 養叔养叔
  • 鮑叔鲍叔

Descendants

  • English: Ah Chek
  • Malay: encik
  • Indonesian: encik
  • Tagalog: Intsik
  • Cebuano: Insik
  • Thai: เจ๊ก (jék)
  • Khmer: ចិក (cək)
  • Vietnamese: Chệch

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
 


𠁮
𡬟
𡬧


𠁮
𡬟
𡬧
𡭫
𭣬
𠦑
𢆑

Cognate with (OC *qʰljɯw, “to gather; to harvest”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (26)
Final () (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter syuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕiuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕuwk̚/
Li
Rong
/ɕiuk̚/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
suk1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shū
Middle
Chinese
‹ syuwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-tiwk/
English gather, harvest

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11759
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljɯwɢ/

Definitions

  1. (obsolete) to gather; to harvest

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (shū, good)

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (shū, legume)

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. to decline; to wane
  2. declining; waning; last; end

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. uncle
  2. youth

Readings

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC syuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 슉〮 (syúk) (Yale: syuk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 아저씨 (ajeossi suk))

  1. Hanja form? of (uncle).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: thúc

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