ὅτε

See also: ΟΤΕ, Ο.Τ.Ε., and ὁτέ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ὅτ’ (hót’) — apocopic
ὅθ’ (hóth’) — apocopic, before a vowel with rough breathing
ὅκα (hóka) — Doric
ὄτα (óta) — Aeolic

Etymology

From ὅς (hós) and τε (te). Compare τότε (tóte), πότε (póte), ποτέ (poté).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hó.te/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)o.te/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.te/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.te/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.te/

Conjunction

ὅτε • (hóte) (relative adverb)

(of time) when
1. (with indicative, to denote single events) when
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.397
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.392
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 1.7.35
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.115
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 354
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.21
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.397
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.627
  1. (with present, of a thing now happening)
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.471
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.259
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.4.6
  2. (rarely with future)
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.272
2. (with optative, to denote repeated events or actions in past time)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.610
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.216
  1. (of future events which are represented as uncertain, in clauses dependent on a verb in optative or subjunctive)
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.55
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.429
    - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 726
  2. (only in Epic and Lyric poets, with subjunctive)
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.337
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.323
3. (in Homer, to introduce a simile)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.147
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.130
  - 6, 506
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.364
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.12
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.462
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.394
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.462
4. (with other particles)
(causal sense) whereas
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.433
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.29
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1095
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 918
- 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 206A
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 354C
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.92
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 428
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 34
(absolute) sometimes, now and then
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 2.2.16
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.49
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.599
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.64
- 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.1270
- 3rd century CE, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 2.106
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1.10.5
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 7.13.2
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 3.2
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.566
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 56
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 5.8

Derived terms

ὅταν (hótan)
ὅτεπερ (hóteper)

type	interrogative	indefinite	(medial) demonstrative	proximal demonstrative	distal demonstrative	relative	indefinite relative	identity	other
basic	τίς	τις, ἔνιοι	†ὁ, οὗτος	ὅδε	ἐκεῖνος	ὅς	ὅστις	ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός	ἕτερος, ἄλλος
dual	πότερος	πότερος, ποτερός				ὁπότερος
quality	ποῖος	ποιός	†τοῖος, τοιοῦτος	τοιόσδε		οἷος	ὁποῖος	ὅμοιος	ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος
quantity	πόσος	ποσός	†τόσος, τοσοῦτος	τοσόσδε		ὅσος	ὁπόσος
manner	πῶς	πως	†τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως	ὧδε		ὡς	ὅπως	ὁμῶς	ἑτέρως, ἄλλως
method, path, place	πῇ	πῃ	τῇ, ταύτῃ	τῇδε	ἐκείνῃ	ᾗ	ὅπῃ		ἄλλῃ
place	ποῦ, †πόθι	που, †ποθι	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε	ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι	οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι	ὅπου, †ὁπόθι	αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ	ἄλλοθι
source	πόθεν	ποθεν	†τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν	ἐνθένδε	ἐκεῖθεν	ὅθεν	ὁπόθεν	†ὁμόθεν	ἄλλοθεν
destination	ποῖ, †πόσε	ποι	ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο	ἐκεῖσε	οἷ	ὅποι, †ὁπόσε	αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε	ἄλλοσε
time	πότε, πῆμος	ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε	τότε, τῆμος	τημόσδε		ὅτε, ἦμος	ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος	ἅμα	ἄλλοτε
exact time	πηνίκα		†τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα	τηνικάδε		ἡνίκα	ὁπηνίκα	αὐτίκα
duration of time			τέως			ἕως
size, age	πηλίκος	πηλίκος	†τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος	τηλικόσδε		ἡλίκος	ὁπηλίκος	ὁμῆλιξ
repetition	ποσάκις, ποσίνδα	ποσάκις	τουτάκις, τοσάκις			†ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις	ὁποσάκις
multiplication	ποσαπλάσιος					ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων
order	πόστος	ποστός					ὁπόστος
† Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions.

ὅτε

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Derived terms

See also

Further reading