те

See also: тэ, -те, т. е., т.е., and Appendix:Variations of "te"

Bulgarian

Etymology

From earlier тѣ. Formed under the influence of тѣхъ (těxŭ), тѣмъ (těmŭ), тѣми (těmi).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [tɛ]
  • Audio(file)

Pronoun

те • (te) (personal)

  1. They; the third-person plural pronoun in the nominative case, used as the subject of a verb.
    Те току-що пристигнаха.
    Te toku-što pristignaha.
    They have just arrived.
    Те са по-ниски от мен.
    Te sa po-niski ot men.
    They are shorter than me.
  2. short form of the second-person singular pronoun in the accusative case, used as the direct object of a verb; you
    Обичам те.
    Običam te.
    I love you.
    Може ли да те попитам нещо?
    Može li da te popitam nešto?
    Can I ask you something?
Bulgarian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject)		 Accusative
(direct complement)		 Dative
(indirect complement)		 Prepositional
Full Short Full Short
SingularFirst— аз (az) мен (men)
ме́не (méne)		 ме (me) ме́не (méne) ми (mi) мен (men)
ме́не (méne)
SecondInformal ти (ti) теб (teb)
те́бе (tébe)		 те (te) те́бе (tébe) ти (ti) теб (teb)
те́бе (tébe)
Formal Ви́е (Víe) Вас (Vas) Ви (Vi) Вам (Vam) Ви (Vi) Вас (Vas)
ThirdMasculine той (toj) не́го (négo) го (go) не́му (nému) му (mu) не́го (négo)
Feminine тя (tja) не́я (néja) я (ja) ней (nej) ѝ (ì) не́я (néja)
Neuter то (to) не́го (négo) го (go) не́му (nému) му (mu) не́го (négo)
PluralFirst— ни́е (níe)
ний (nij)		 нас (nas) ни (ni) нам (nam) ни (ni) нас (nas)
SecondInformal ви́е (víe)
вий (vij)		 вас (vas) ви (vi) вам (vam) ви (vi) вас (vas)
Formal Ви́е (Víe) Вас (Vas) Ви (Vi) Вам (Vam) Ви (Vi) Вас (Vas)
Third— те (te) тях (tjah) ги (gi) тям (tjam) им (im) тях (tjah)

Eastern Mari

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /te/
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: те

Pronoun

те • (te)

  1. (personal) you (plural and/or formal)
    те марла кутыреда?
    te marla kutyreda?
    do you speak Mari?
pronouns

References
  • J. Bradley et al. (2023) “те”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Erzya

Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *ťä~*tä, from Proto-Uralic *tä (“this”). Cognate with Moksha тя (ťa), Finnish tämä, Estonian tema, Skolt Sami tät, Udmurt та (ta), Hungarian teg- in tegnap, Tundra Nenets тей (ťej).

Pronoun

те • (ťe)

  1. this
    Мон важодян те столенть экшсэ.
    Mon važoďan ťe stoľenť ekšse.
    I work at this desk.
    • 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 29:
      I tuź kuľa tede vese te mastorga.
      News of this spread through all that region.
      (literally, “[...] through all this region.”)

Declension
Declension of те (ťe)
singularplural
nominativeте (ťe)неть (ńeť), не (ńe), нетне (ńetńe)
genitiveтень (ťeń)нетнень (ńetńeń), нень (ńeń)
dativeтенень (ťeńeń)нетненень (ńetńeńeń), ненень (ńeńeń)
ablativeтеде (ťeďe)нетнеде (ńetńeďe), ненде (ńenďe)
inessiveтеньсэ (ťeńse), тень эйсэ (ťeń ejse)нетнесэ (ńetńese), неньсэ (ńeńse)
elativeтеньстэ (ťeńste), тень эйстэ (ťeń ejste)нетнестэ (ńetńeste), неньстэ (ńeńste)
illativeтеньс (ťeńs), тень эйс (ťeń ejs)нетнес (ńetńes), неньс (ńeńs)
prolativeтеньга (ťeńga), тень эзга (ťeń ezga)нетнева (ńetńeva), неньга (ńeńga)
translativeтекс (ťeks)нетнекс (ńetńeks), ненькс (ńeńks)
abessiveтентеме (ťenťeme)нетневтеме (ńetńevťeme), нентеме (ńenťeme)
comparativeтеньшка (ťeńška)нетнешка (ńetńeška), неньшка (ńeńška)

References
  • B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “те”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
  • Entry #1034 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  • Keresztes, László (1986) Geschichte der mordwinischen Konsonantismus II. Etymologisches Belegmaterial‎, Szeged: Studia Uralo-Altaica 26.

Macedonian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [tɛ]

Conjunction

те • (te)

  1. at times... at other times...
  2. now... now... (indicates two alternating situations)

Pronoun

те • (te)

  1. Short direct object form of ти (ti).

Russian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [tʲe]
  • Audio(file)

Determiner

те • (te) pl (demonstrative)

  1. inflection of тот (tot):
    1. nominative plural
    2. inanimate accusative plural

Pronoun

те • (te) pl (demonstrative)

  1. inflection of тот (tot):
    1. nominative plural
    2. inanimate accusative plural

Serbo-Croatian

Pronoun

те (Latin spelling te)

  1. of you (clitic genitive singular of ти̑ (“you”))
  2. you (clitic accusative singular of ти̑ (“you”))
Declension
Declension of те
singular plural
nominative ти̑ ви̑
genitive те̏бе, те ва̑с, вас
dative те̏би, ти ва̏ма, вам
accusative те̏бе, те ва̑с, вас
vocative ти ви̑
locative те̏би ва̏ма
instrumental то̏бо̄м ва̏ма

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ta. Compare Ukrainian та (ta).

Conjunction

те (Latin spelling te)

  1. and

Udi

Etymology

From Aghwan 𐔸𐔴 (te).

Determiner

те • (te)

  1. no
    -Ви баба арене? -Те.
    -Have your dad arrived? -No

Further reading
  • Gippert J., Schulze W., Aleksidze Z., Mahé J.-P., editors (2009), The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai (Monumenta Palaeographica Medii Aevi: Series Ibero-Caucasica; 2), volume 1, Turnhout: Brepols, →ISBN, page II-55
  • Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “те”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎, Baku: Academy Press, page 204

Ukrainian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [tɛ]
  • Audio(file)

Determiner

те • (te)

  1. nominative/accusative neuter singular of той (toj)
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