он
Adyghe
Alternative forms
- уэн (wɛn) (Kabardian)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [wan]
Verb
он • (won) (??? please indicate transitivity!)
- to hit someone or something physically and directly (not by throwing for example)
- кӏалэр дэпкъым ео
- kʼalɛr dɛpqəm jewo
- the boy is hitting the wall. (transitive)
- усэоныу уфая?
- wusɛwonəwu wufaja?
- Do you want me to hit you? (transitive)
- Кӏалэм уемэу
- Kʼalɛm wujemɛwu
- Don't hit the boy. (transitive)
- А кӏалэхэр къуотых
- A kʼalɛxɛr qʷuwotəx
- Those boys will hit you. (transitive)
- Кӏалэр мао
- Kʼalɛr mawo
- The boy is hitting. (intransitive)
- to eat with gusto
- нэкӏо пицэ ткъеот
- nɛkʷʼo picɛ tqewot
- Let's eat a pizza! (with gusto) (transitive)
- пицэ укъеота?
- picɛ wuqewota?
- Are you going to eat a pizza? (with gusto) (transitive)
- кӏалэр пицэ ео
- kʼalɛr picɛ jewo
- The boy is eating a pizza (with gusto) (transitive)
- to play music
- кӏалэр гитарым къео
- kʼalɛr ɣitarəm qewo
- the boy is playing the guitar (transitive)
- пяноуым шъукъеуа?
- pjanowəm šʷuqewa?
- Do you (plural) play the piano? (transitive)
- пшынэм еу
- pšənɛm jewu
- Play the accordion. (transitive)
- to shake (milk)
- to shoot (кӏэрахъомкӏэ еон)
- кӏалэр кӏэрахъомкӏэ ео тгъужъым
- kʼalɛr kʼɛraχʷomkʼɛ jewo tğʷuẑəm
- The boy is shooting the wolf with the gun. (transitive)
- to spend money thriftily
- to sting
- to weed
- to smoke
- лӏэр хьащищ ео
- lˢʼɛr ḥaśiś jewo
- The man is smoking hashish. (transitive)
- (mathematics) to multiply
- щым плӏыкӏэ уеомэ пшӏыкӏутӏу къычӏэкьижьыт
- śəm plˢʼəkʼɛ wujewomɛ pšʼəkʷʼutʷʼu qəĉʼɛkʲiźət
- If you multiply three times four it will make twelve. (transitive)
Conjugation
Transitive:
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
to me (къысешӏэ) | to you (къуешӏэ) | to him (решӏэ) | to us (къытешӏэ) | to you (къышъуешӏэ) | to them (ярешӏэ) | ||
singular 1st person | present | сызэо | усэо | сео | - | шъусэо | сао |
past | сызэуагъ | усэуагъ | сеуагъ | - | шъусэуагъ | сауагъ | |
future | сызэощт | усэощт | сеощт | - | шъусэощт | саощт | |
singular 2st person | present | укъысэо | узэо | уео | укъытэо | - | уао |
past | укъысэуагъ | узэуагъ | уеуагъ | укъытэуагъ | - | уауагъ | |
future | укъысэощт | узэощт | уеощт | укъытэощт | - | уаощт | |
singular 3st person | present | къысэо | къоо | ео | къытэо | къышъоо | яо |
past | къысэуагъ | къоуагъ | еуагъ | къытэуагъ | къышъоуагъ | яуагъ | |
future | къысэощт | къоощт | еощт | къытэощт | къышъоощт | яощт | |
plural 1st person | present | - | утэо | тео | тызэо | шъутэо | тао |
past | - | утэуагъ | теуагъ | тызэуагъ | шъутэуагъ | тауагъ | |
future | - | утэощт | теощт | тызэощт | шъутэощт | таощт | |
plural 2st person | present | шъукъысэо | - | шъео | шъукъытэо | шъузэо | шъуао |
past | шъукъысэуагъ | - | шъеуагъ | шъукъытэуагъ | шъузэуагъ | шъуауагъ | |
future | шъукъысэощт | - | шъеощт | шъукъытэощт | шъузэощт | шъуаощт | |
plural 3st person | present | къысэох | къоох | еох | къытэох | къышъоох | яох |
past | къысэогъэх | къоогъэх | еогъэх | къытэогъэх | къышъоогъэх | яогъэх | |
future | къысэощтых | къоощтых | еощтых | къытэощтых | къышъоощтых | яощтых |
Intransitive:
monovalent | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
subject | singular | plural | |||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
сэо | оо | мао | тэо | шъоо | маох | ||
bivalent | |||||||
subject object |
singular | plural | |||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
singular | 1st person | сызэуажьы | укъысэуа | къысэуа | - | шъукъысэуа | къысэуах |
2nd person | усэуа | узэуажьы | къыоуа | утэуа | - | къыоуах | |
3rd person | сеуа | уеуа | еуа | теуа | шъуеуа | еуах | |
plural | 1st person | - | укъытэуа | къытэуа | тызэуажьы | шъукъытэуа | къытэуах |
2nd person | шъусэуа | - | къышъоуа | шъутэуа | шъузэуажьы | къышъоуах | |
3rd person | сауа | уауа | ауа | тауа | шъуауа | ауах |
Conjugation
Prefix | Meaning | Word |
---|---|---|
те | on | теон |
чӏэ | under | чӏэон |
дэ | inside another object | дэон |
хэ | through | хэон |
и | inside | ион |
ӏу | around | ӏуон |
пы | hanging/attached | пыон |
къо | behind | къоон |
го | besides | гоон |
бгъодэ | besides | бгъодэон |
шъхьадэ | over | шъхьадэон |
шъхьапыры | over beyond | шъхьапырыон |
кӏэлъыры | adjutant | кӏэлъырыон |
зэкӏэ | backward | зэкӏэон |
зэбгыры | scatter | зэбгырыон |
жэхэ | unto | жэхэон |
жэдэ | toward mouth | жэдэон |
кӏоцӏы | within inside | кӏоцӏыон |
лъы | toward | лъыон |
Bashkir
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Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ūn (“flour”).
Cognate with Kazakh ұн (ūn, “flour”), Kyrgyz ун (un, “flour”), Uzbek un (“flour”), Khakas ун (un, “flour”), Turkish un (“flour”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʊ̞n/
- Hyphenation: он (one syllable)
Noun
он • (on)
- flour
- Арыш оно.
- Arış ono.
- Rye flour.
- Баҙарҙан ике тоҡ он һатып алдым.
- Baźarźan ike toq on hatıp aldım.
- I bought two sacks of flour at the marketplace.
- Табаҡҡа биш йомортҡа һытығыҙ, ондо ҡушып болғағыҙ.
- Tabaqqa biş yomortqa hıtığıź, ondo quşıp bolğağıź.
- Crack five eggs into the bowl, add flour and stir.
Declension
Carpathian Rusyn
Etymology
From Old East Slavic онъ (onŭ), from Proto-Slavic *onъ.
Pronoun
он • (on) (feminine вна́, neuter вно́)
- he
- Ани он, ани его сочасникы не поважовали тогочасный церковнославянскый язык за чужородный.
- Any on, any eho sočasnykŷ ne považovaly tohočasnŷj cerkovnoslavjanskŷj jazŷk za čužorodnŷj.
- He or his contemporaries did not consider Church Slavonic of that time as a foreign language.
Related terms
- ёго́ (johó)
- свій (svij)
Chulym
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Cognates include Turkish on, Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣 (on, “ten”), etc.
References
- А. Ф. кондияков, В. М. Лемская , Чулымский Язык , Д. Пасечное тюхтетского района красноярского края 2007-2021 гг.
Erzya
Etymology
From Proto-Mordvinic *on, from Proto-Finno-Permic *une. Cognates include Finnish uni, Livonian u’ņ, Western Mari ом (om).
Noun
он • (on)
- dream
- неемс он ― ńejems on ― to dream (literally, “to see a dream”)
- 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 6:
- Kulomodo meile Irodoń pazoń angelze onsto nejevź Iosifnen Jegipetse.
- After Herod died, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt.
- sleep
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | он (on) | онт (ont) |
genitive | ононь (onoń) | — |
dative | оннэнь (onneń) | — |
ablative | ондо (ondo) | — |
inessive | онсо (onso) | — |
elative | онсто (onsto) | — |
illative | онс (ons) | — |
prolative | онга (onga) | — |
translative | онкс (onks) | — |
comparative | оншка (onška) | — |
abessive | онтомо (ontomo) | — |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | онось (onoś) | онтнэ (ontne) |
genitive | ононть (ononť) | онтнэнь (ontneń) |
dative | ононтень (ononťeń) | онтнэнень (ontneńeń) |
ablative | ондонть (ondonť) | онтнэде (ontneďe) |
inessive | онсонть (onsonť) | онтнэсэ (ontnese) |
elative | онстонть (onstonť) | онтнэстэ (ontneste) |
illative | ононтень (ononťeń) | онтнэс (ontnes) |
prolative | онванть (onvanť) | онтнэва (ontneva) |
translative | — | — |
comparative | оношканть (onoškanť) | онтнэшка (ontneška) |
abessive | онвтомонть (onvtomonť) | онтнэвтеме (ontnevťeme) |
References
- B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “он”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
- Entry #1665 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Even
References
- Cincius, V. I., Rišes, L. D. (1952) Русско-эвенский словарь [Russian–Even Dictionary], Moscow
Karachay-Balkar
< 9 | 10 | 11 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : он (on) Ordinal : онунчу (onunçu) | ||
Kazakh
Alternative scripts | |
---|---|
Arabic | ون |
İske imlâ | اون |
Cyrillic | он |
Latin | on |
< 9 | 10 | 11 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : он (on) Ordinal : оныншы (onynşy) | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Cognates include Turkish on, Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣 (on, “ten”), etc.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /won/
(file)
Komi-Permyak
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *on, from Proto-Uralic *adema. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian ун (un) and Udmurt ум (um).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈon/
- Hyphenation: он
Komi-Zyrian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈon/, [ˈo̞n]
- Hyphenation: он
Etymology 1
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Permic *on, from Proto-Uralic *adema. Cognates include Hungarian álom and Eastern Mari омо (omo).
Declension
Declension of он (stem: онм-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | он (on) | онъяс (onjas) | |
accusative | I* | он (on) | онъяс (onjas) |
II* | онмӧс (onmös) | онъясӧс (onjasös) | |
instrumental | онмӧн (onmön) | онъясӧн (onjasön) | |
comitative | онкӧд (onköd) | онъяскӧд (onjasköd) | |
caritive | онтӧг (ontög) | онъястӧг (onjastög) | |
consecutive | онла (onla) | онъясла (onjasla) | |
genitive | онлӧн (onlön) | онъяслӧн (onjaslön) | |
ablative | онлысь (onlyś) | онъяслысь (onjaslyś) | |
dative | онлы (only) | онъяслы (onjasly) | |
inessive | онмын (onmyn) | онъясын (onjasyn) | |
elative | онмысь (onmyś) | онъясысь (onjasyś) | |
illative | онмӧ (onmö) | онъясӧ (onjasö) | |
egressive | онсянь (onśań) | онъяссянь (onjasśań) | |
approximative | онлань (onlań) | онъяслань (onjaslań) | |
terminative | онмӧдз (onmödź) | онъясӧдз (onjasödź) | |
prolative | I | онмӧд (onmöd) | онъясӧд (onjasöd) |
II | онті (onti) | онъясті (onjasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
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References
- A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 143
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 454
Kyrgyz
100 | ||||
← 1 | ← 9 | 10 | 20 → | 100 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ||||
Cardinal: он (on) Ordinal: онунчу (onuncu) |
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Cognates include Turkish on, Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣 (on, “ten”), etc.
Moksha
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Permic *une. Cognates include Erzya он (on), Finnish uni.
Mongolian
Mongolian | Cyrillic |
---|---|
ᠣᠨ (on) | он (on) |
Etymology
Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠨ (on, “year”), from Middle Mongol ᠣᠨ (ʾwn /hon/, “year”), ꡜꡡꡋ (hon /hon/, “year”), from Proto-Mongolic *hon. Cognate with Khitan 𘮗 (*po /po/, “time”). Compare also Jurchen [Term?], Manchu ᡶᠣᠨ (fon, “time”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɔŋ/
- Syllabification: он (1 syllable)
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
- ол жил (ol žil)
Northern Altai
< 9 | 10 | 11 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : он (on) Ordinal : онынджы, онынчы (onïndžï, onïnčï) | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”).
See also
- ун (un)
References
- N. A. Baskakov, editor (1985), “он”, in Severnyje Dialekty Altajskovo( Ojrotskovo) Jazyka- Dialekt Lebedinskix Tatar-čalkancev(kuu-kiži) [Northern Altai language-Dialect of Chelkan], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoj literatury, →ISBN
- N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “он”, in Severnyje dialekty Altajskovo (Ojrotskovo Jazyka- Dialekt kumandincev(Kumandin Kiži) [Northern Dialect of Altai -Kumandin Dialect(Kumandin kiži)], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoja literatury, →ISBN
Russian
Alternative forms
- онъ (on) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic онъ (onŭ), from Proto-Slavic *onъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [on]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -on
Usage notes
- Whenever a preposition stands immediately before any of the oblique cases of the third-person pronoun (singular or plural) and directly governs it, then an н- (n-) must be prefixed to the pronoun: от него́ (ot nevó, “from him”); на нём (na njom, “on him”); у него́ (u nevó, “he has”); к нему́ (k nemú, “to him”); с ним (s nim, “with him”).
- This comes from Proto-Slavic prepositions such as *sъ(n) (“with”) (compare Ancient Greek σύν (sún) and Latin cum), that originally ended in -n and governed oblique cases. Since the prepositions and the pronouns occurred together so often, it was easy to lose track of which word the final -n belonged to, and so it was reinterpreted as part of the pronouns; compare Old English an, which was reinterpreted in the same way. Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) *jьmi became modern Russian с ни́ми (s ními), and this rule was extended to all prepositions governing any third-person pronoun.
- Note that if the preposition does not directly govern его́ (jevó) (i.e., when его́ (jevó) is a possessive pronoun), then н- (n-) is not added: у его́ бра́та (u jevó bráta, “at his brother's”); от его́ ма́тери (ot jevó máteri, “from his mother”); в его́ ко́мнате (v jevó kómnate, “in his room”).
- When there is another word separating a preposition and any oblique case of он (on), then н- (n-) is not added: у самого́ его́ (u samovó jevó, “with him himself”).
Declension
singular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
m | n | f | |||||||||
nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
он (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ 1 (oní) |
|||
genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её 4, неё 3 4 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
dative | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
ему́, нему́ 3 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 3 (jej, nej) |
нам (nam) |
вам (vam) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 3 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
instrumental | мной, мно́ю 5 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 5 (tobój, tobóju) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 3, е́ю 5, не́ю 3 5 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 3 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 5 (sobój, sobóju) | |||
prepositional 6 | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
нём 3 (njom) |
ней 3 (nej) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
них 3 (nix) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
|
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ôːn/
Declension
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
nominative | о̑н | о̀на | о̀но | о̀ни | о̀не | о̀на |
genitive | ње̏га, га | ње̑, је | ње̏га, га | њи̑х, их | њи̑х, их | њи̑х, их |
dative | ње̏му, му | њо̑ј, јој | ње̏му, му | њи̏ма, им | њи̏ма, им | њи̏ма, им |
accusative | ње̏га, га, њ | њу̑, ју, је, њу | ње̏га, га, њ | њи̑х, их | њи̑х, их | њи̑х, их |
vocative | — | — | — | — | — | — |
locative | ње̏м, ње̏му | њо̑ј | ње̏м, ње̏му | њи̏ма | њи̏ма | њи̏ма |
instrumental | њи̑м, њи́ме | њо̑м, њо́ме | њи̑м, њи́ме | њи̏ма | њи̏ма | њи̏ма |
Shor
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Cognates include Turkish on, Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣 (on, “ten”), etc.
References
* Шорско-русский и русско-шорский словарь 1993
Southern Altai
< 9 | 10 | 11 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : он (on) Ordinal : онынчы (onïnčï) Collective : ону (onu) | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Cognate with Kazakh он (on), Kumyk он (on), Azerbaijani on Turkish on, Shor он, etc.
Related terms
- онынчы (onïnčï)
Tuvan
< 9 | 10 | 11 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : он (on) Ordinal : онгу (ongu) | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Cognate with Turkish on.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ̃n/