nguyên
Vietnamese
Alternative forms
- (Southern Vietnam, obsolete) nguơn
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ŋwiən˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ŋwiəŋ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ŋwiəŋ˧˧]
Audio (Hà Nội) (file)
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 元 (“first; former”), from Literary Chinese 元 (yuán). The monetary sense is from modern Mandarin 元 (yuán), which was artificially made into a simplified form of 圓／圆 (yuán, viên). Compare Sino-Japanese 元 (gen, “yuan”) and native Japanese 元 (moto-, “former”).
Prefix
nguyên
- (officialese) former
- nguyên Chủ tịch nước… ― former President…
- nguyên Tổng bí thư… ― former General Secretary…
Derived terms
- Công Nguyên (公元, “the Common Era”)
- đa nguyên (多元, “pluralistic”)
- giải nguyên (解元, “(historical) first place provincial imperial exam winner”)
- khôi nguyên (魁元, “(historical) first place imperial exam winner”)
- kỉ nguyên (紀元, “(literary) age; era”)
- nguyên âm (元音, “vowel”)
- nguyên đán (元旦, “(lunisolar) new year”)
- nguyên niên (元年, “(historical) first year of an imperial era”)
- nguyên soái (“(military) a marshal”)
- nguyên thủ (元首)
- nguyên tố (元素, “chemical element”)
- sau Công Nguyên (“the Common Era (misconstruction)”)
- Tết Nguyên Đán (“Vietnamese Lunar New Year”)
- thuyết nhất nguyên (說一元, “(philosophy) monism”)
- thứ nguyên (次元, “dimensional”)
- trạng nguyên (狀元, “(history) a zhuangyuan”)
Etymology 2
Sino-Vietnamese word from 原 (“origin”).
Adjective
nguyên
- intact or unchanged
- Tiền mày gửi vẫn còn nguyên.
- The money you sent is still all there.
- (number theory, arithmetic) integral
- số nguyên ― an integer
- phần nguyên ― the integral part of a decimal fraction
- (law) related to the plaintiff
Derived terms
- bên nguyên (“plaintiff; prosecutor”)
- bình nguyên (平原, “(dated) plain”)
- cao nguyên (高原, “highland; plateau”)
- đài nguyên (苔原, “tundra”)
- kháng nguyên (抗原, “antigen”)
- nguyên bản (原本, “original”)
- nguyên cám (“whole-wheat”)
- nguyên cáo (原告, “accuser; plaintiff”)
- nguyên chất (原質, “pure; unadulterated”)
- nguyên cớ (“reason; cause”)
- nguyên đơn (原單, “plaintiff”)
- nguyên hình (原形, “original or true form”)
- nguyên lí (原理, “a principle”)
- nguyên liệu (原料, “raw material”)
- nguyên nhân (原因, “cause; reason”)
- nguyên sinh (原生, “primordial”)
- nguyên sơ (原初, “primordial; pristine”)
- nguyên tắc (原則, “principle”)
- nguyên thuỷ (原始, “(mythology, religion) primordial; primitive”)
- nguyên tử (原子, “atom”)
- nguyên tử (原子, “atom”)
- nguyên văn (原文, “verbatim; sic”)
- nguyên vẹn (“intact; whole; undamaged”)
- số nguyên (“integer”)
- Tây Nguyên (西原, “Central Highlands”)
- Thái Nguyên (太原, “Thai Nguyen”)
- thảo nguyên (草原, “grassland; steppe”)
- trung nguyên (中原, “(rare) central plains; China”)
- y nguyên (依原, “intact; unchanged”)
Etymology 3
Sino-Vietnamese word from 源. Doublet of nguồn.
Derived terms
- căn nguyên (根源, “origin; source; initial cause”)
- dị nguyên (異源, “allergen; antigen”)
- lai nguyên (來源, “source”)
- ngữ nguyên (語源, “(linguistics, account) etymology”)
- tài nguyên (財源, “resources”)
- từ nguyên (詞源, “(linguistics, account) etymology”)
- từ nguyên (辭源, “(linguistics, account) etymology”)
See also
See also
- nguyên mẫu (“(grammar) infinitive”)
- nguyên quán (“birthplace; native land”)
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