tundra

See also: Tundra

English
WOTD – 24 December 2006

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯндар (tūndar).

Pronunciation
A tundra.
  • IPA(key): /ˈtʌndɹə/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (AU)(file)

Noun

tundra (countable and uncountable, plural tundras)

  1. A flat and treeless Arctic biome.

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

Czech

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈtundra]
  • Hyphenation: tun‧d‧ra

Noun

tundra f

  1. tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)

Declension
Declension of tundra (hard feminine reducible)
singular plural
nominative tundra tundry
genitive tundry tunder
dative tundře tundrám
accusative tundru tundry
vocative tundro tundry
locative tundře tundrách
instrumental tundrou tundrami

Further reading
  • tundra in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • tundra in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Faroese

Etymology

From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).

Noun

tundra f (genitive singular tundru, uncountable)

  1. tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)
    Synonym: frostmýri

Declension
Declension of tundra
f1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative tundra tundran tundrur tundrurnar
accusative tundru tundruna tundrur tundrurnar
dative tundru tundruni tundrum tundrunum
genitive tundru tundrunnar tundra tundranna

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar). Doublet of tanner and tunturi.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtundrɑ/, [ˈt̪undrɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -undrɑ
  • Syllabification(key): tund‧ra

Noun

tundra

  1. tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)

Declension
Inflection of tundra (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative tundra tundrat
genitive tundran tundrien
partitive tundraa tundria
illative tundraan tundriin
singular plural
nominative tundra tundrat
accusative nom. tundra tundrat
gen. tundran
genitive tundran tundrien
tundrainrare
partitive tundraa tundria
inessive tundrassa tundrissa
elative tundrasta tundrista
illative tundraan tundriin
adessive tundralla tundrilla
ablative tundralta tundrilta
allative tundralle tundrille
essive tundrana tundrina
translative tundraksi tundriksi
abessive tundratta tundritta
instructive — tundrin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of tundra (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tundrani tundrani
accusative nom. tundrani tundrani
gen. tundrani
genitive tundrani tundrieni
tundrainirare
partitive tundraani tundriani
inessive tundrassani tundrissani
elative tundrastani tundristani
illative tundraani tundriini
adessive tundrallani tundrillani
ablative tundraltani tundriltani
allative tundralleni tundrilleni
essive tundranani tundrinani
translative tundrakseni tundrikseni
abessive tundrattani tundrittani
instructive — —
comitative — tundrineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tundrasi tundrasi
accusative nom. tundrasi tundrasi
gen. tundrasi
genitive tundrasi tundriesi
tundraisirare
partitive tundraasi tundriasi
inessive tundrassasi tundrissasi
elative tundrastasi tundristasi
illative tundraasi tundriisi
adessive tundrallasi tundrillasi
ablative tundraltasi tundriltasi
allative tundrallesi tundrillesi
essive tundranasi tundrinasi
translative tundraksesi tundriksesi
abessive tundrattasi tundrittasi
instructive — —
comitative — tundrinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tundramme tundramme
accusative nom. tundramme tundramme
gen. tundramme
genitive tundramme tundriemme
tundraimmerare
partitive tundraamme tundriamme
inessive tundrassamme tundrissamme
elative tundrastamme tundristamme
illative tundraamme tundriimme
adessive tundrallamme tundrillamme
ablative tundraltamme tundriltamme
allative tundrallemme tundrillemme
essive tundranamme tundrinamme
translative tundraksemme tundriksemme
abessive tundrattamme tundrittamme
instructive — —
comitative — tundrinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tundranne tundranne
accusative nom. tundranne tundranne
gen. tundranne
genitive tundranne tundrienne
tundrainnerare
partitive tundraanne tundrianne
inessive tundrassanne tundrissanne
elative tundrastanne tundristanne
illative tundraanne tundriinne
adessive tundrallanne tundrillanne
ablative tundraltanne tundriltanne
allative tundrallenne tundrillenne
essive tundrananne tundrinanne
translative tundraksenne tundriksenne
abessive tundrattanne tundrittanne
instructive — —
comitative — tundrinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative tundransa tundransa
accusative nom. tundransa tundransa
gen. tundransa
genitive tundransa tundriensa
tundrainsarare
partitive tundraansa tundriaan
tundriansa
inessive tundrassaan
tundrassansa		 tundrissaan
tundrissansa
elative tundrastaan
tundrastansa		 tundristaan
tundristansa
illative tundraansa tundriinsa
adessive tundrallaan
tundrallansa		 tundrillaan
tundrillansa
ablative tundraltaan
tundraltansa		 tundriltaan
tundriltansa
allative tundralleen
tundrallensa		 tundrilleen
tundrillensa
essive tundranaan
tundranansa		 tundrinaan
tundrinansa
translative tundrakseen
tundraksensa		 tundrikseen
tundriksensa
abessive tundrattaan
tundrattansa		 tundrittaan
tundrittansa
instructive — —
comitative — tundrineen
tundrinensa

Derived terms
compounds

Further reading

Galician

Noun

tundra f (plural tundras)

  1. tundra

Ingrian
Tundra.

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian тундра (tundra).

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtundrɑ/, [ˈtundr]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtundrɑ/, [ˈtund̥rɑ]
  • Rhymes: -undr, -undrɑ
  • Hyphenation: tund‧ra

Noun

tundra

  1. (geography) tundra
    • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 28:
      Kuin sovetin valta uuvvistaa tundran väen elon.
      How the Soviet rule is renewing the life of the tundra people.

Declension
Declension of tundra (type 3/koira, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative tundra tundrat
genitive tundran tundriin
partitive tundraa tundria
illative tundraa tundrii
inessive tundraas tundriis
elative tundrast tundrist
allative tundralle tundrille
adessive tundraal tundriil
ablative tundralt tundrilt
translative tundraks tundriks
essive tundranna, tundraan tundrinna, tundriin
exessive1) tundrant tundrint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Irish

Etymology

From Russian, from Kildin Sami.

Noun

tundra m (genitive singular tundra, nominative plural tundraí)

  1. tundra

Declension
Declension of tundra

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tundra tundraí
Vocative a thundra a thundraí
Genitive tundra tundraí
Dative tundra tundraí

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an tundra na tundraí
Genitive an tundra na dtundraí
Dative leis an tundra

don tundra

 leis na tundraí

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
tundra thundra dtundra
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Italian

Etymology

From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtun.dra/
  • Rhymes: -undra
  • Hyphenation: tùn‧dra

Noun

tundra f (plural tundre)

  1. tundra

Latvian

Noun

tundra f (4th declension)

  1. tundra

Declension
Declension of tundra (4th declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs) tundra tundras
accusative (akuzatīvs) tundru tundras
genitive (ģenitīvs) tundras tundru
dative (datīvs) tundrai tundrām
instrumental (instrumentālis) tundru tundrām
locative (lokatīvs) tundrā tundrās
vocative (vokatīvs) tundra tundras

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).

Noun

tundra m (definite singular tundraen, indefinite plural tundraer, definite plural tundraene)

  1. tundra

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).

Noun

tundra m (definite singular tundraen, indefinite plural tundraer or trundraar, definite plural tundraene or tundraane)

  1. tundra

References

Polish
tundra

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtun.dra/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -undra
  • Syllabification: tun‧dra

Noun

tundra f (related adjective tundrowy)

  1. tundra (flat and treeless Arctic biome)

Declension
Declension of tundra
singular plural
nominative tundra tundry
genitive tundry tundr
dative tundrze tundrom
accusative tundrę tundry
instrumental tundrą tundrami
locative tundrze tundrach
vocative tundro tundry

Further reading
  • tundra in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tundra in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from French toundra, from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtũ.dɾɐ/

  • Hyphenation: tun‧dra

Noun

tundra f (plural tundras)

  1. (geography) tundra (flat, treeless region around the Arctic)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Russian ту́ндра (túndra).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tûːndra/
  • Hyphenation: tun‧dra

Noun

tȗndra f (Cyrillic spelling ту̑ндра)

  1. tundra

Declension
Declension of tundra
singular plural
nominative tȗndra tundre
genitive tundre tȗndrā/tȗndrī
dative tundri tundrama
accusative tundru tundre
vocative tundro tundre
locative tundri tundrama
instrumental tundrom tundrama

References
  • “tundra” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Spanish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtundɾa/ [ˈt̪ũn̪.d̪ɾa]
  • Rhymes: -undɾa
  • Syllabification: tun‧dra

Noun

tundra f (plural tundras)

  1. tundra

Further reading

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).

Noun

tundra c

  1. tundra

Declension
Declension of tundra 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative tundra tundran tundror tundrorna
Genitive tundras tundrans tundrors tundrornas

References

Anagrams

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish [Term?], from English tundra.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tundɾa/

Noun

tundra (definite accusative tundrayı, plural tundralar)

  1. tundra

Declension
Inflection
Nominative tundra
Definite accusative tundrayı
Singular Plural
Nominative tundra tundralar
Definite accusative tundrayı tundraları
Dative tundraya tundralara
Locative tundrada tundralarda
Ablative tundradan tundralardan
Genitive tundranın tundraların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular tundram tundralarım
2nd singular tundran tundraların
3rd singular tundrası tundraları
1st plural tundramız tundralarımız
2nd plural tundranız tundralarınız
3rd plural tundraları tundraları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular tundramı tundralarımı
2nd singular tundranı tundralarını
3rd singular tundrasını tundralarını
1st plural tundramızı tundralarımızı
2nd plural tundranızı tundralarınızı
3rd plural tundralarını tundralarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular tundrama tundralarıma
2nd singular tundrana tundralarına
3rd singular tundrasına tundralarına
1st plural tundramıza tundralarımıza
2nd plural tundranıza tundralarınıza
3rd plural tundralarına tundralarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular tundramda tundralarımda
2nd singular tundranda tundralarında
3rd singular tundrasında tundralarında
1st plural tundramızda tundralarımızda
2nd plural tundranızda tundralarınızda
3rd plural tundralarında tundralarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular tundramdan tundralarımdan
2nd singular tundrandan tundralarından
3rd singular tundrasından tundralarından
1st plural tundramızdan tundralarımızdan
2nd plural tundranızdan tundralarınızdan
3rd plural tundralarından tundralarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular tundramın tundralarımın
2nd singular tundranın tundralarının
3rd singular tundrasının tundralarının
1st plural tundramızın tundralarımızın
2nd plural tundranızın tundralarınızın
3rd plural tundralarının tundralarının
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular tundrayım tundralarım
2nd singular tundrasın tundralarsın
3rd singular tundra
tundradır		 tundralar
tundralardır
1st plural tundrayız tundralarız
2nd plural tundrasınız tundralarsınız
3rd plural tundralar tundralardır

References
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