根源

Chinese

		radical (chem.); root; basis	root; source; origin
simp. and trad. (根源)		根	源

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gēnyuán

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄣㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gan¹ jyun⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn-ngièn / kîn-ngiàn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kun-goân / kin-goân

(Teochew, Peng'im): geng¹ nguang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gēnyuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄣㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: genyuán
  - Wade–Giles: kên¹-yüan²
  - Yale: gēn-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genyuan
  - Palladius: гэньюань (gɛnʹjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gan¹ jyun⁴
  - Yale: gān yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gan¹ jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gen¹ yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin´ ngienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin´ ngianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kun-goân
  - Tâi-lô: kun-guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kun'goaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kun⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kun⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kun³³ ɡuan²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kin-goân
  - Tâi-lô: kin-guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kin'goaan
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: geng¹ nguang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳng nguâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ³³⁻²³ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

Noun

根源

root; cause; source; origin
找到事情的根源 ― zhǎo dào shìqíng de gēnyuán ― to get to the root of the matter
- 詔曰：「此乃學者之根源，不朽之永格，垂範將來，憲章之本，便可一依公表。」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  诏曰：「此乃学者之根源，不朽之永格，垂范将来，宪章之本，便可一依公表。」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wei Shou, Book of Wei, 551 – 554 CE
  Zhào yuē: “Cǐ nǎi xuézhě zhī gēnyuán, bùxiǔ zhī yǒng gé, chuífàn jiānglái, xiànzhāng zhī běn, biànkě yī yī gōngbiǎo.” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

來源／来源 (láiyuán)
出處／出处 (chūchù)
基本 (jīběn)
大本 (dàběn) (literary)
本源 (běnyuán)
根 (gēn)
根本 (gēnběn)
根頭／根头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
泉源 (quányuán)
淵源／渊源 (yuānyuán)
源 (yuán) (literary, or in compounds)
源泉 (yuánquán) (figurative)
源頭／源头 (yuántóu) (figurative)
濫觴／滥觞 (lànshāng) (literary)
由來／由来 (yóulái)
起源 (qǐyuán)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (根源):

→ Japanese: 根源(こんげん) (kongen)
→ Korean: 근원(根源) (geunwon)
→ Vietnamese: căn nguyên (根源)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: cội nguồn (calque)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
根	源
こん Grade: 3	げん Grade: 6
on’yomi

Alternative spellings
根元根原

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 根源 (MC kon ngjwon).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こんげん [kòńgéꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
(Tokyo) こんげん [kòńgéń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [kõ̞ŋɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

根(こん)源(げん) • (kongen)

root, cause, source, origin
Synonyms: 大本, 根本

悪(あく)の根源(こんげん)は格(かく)差(さ)にある。
Aku no kongen wa kakusa ni aru.
The source of evil is in disparity.

Derived terms

根源的(こんげんてき) (kongenteki)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
根	源

Noun

根源 • (geunwon) (hangeul 근원)

Hanja form^? of 근원 (“root, cause, source, origin”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
根	源

Noun

根源

chữ Hán form of căn nguyên (“origin; source; initial cause”).

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN