angen

See also: angèn and ängen

Balinese

angen

angen

angen

From Middle Welsh aghen, from Proto-Brythonic *anken (compare Cornish and Breton anken, from Proto-Celtic *ankenā (cognate with Old Irish éicen (“force; necessity”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”) cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force; necessity”).[1]

An alternative theory derives the Celtic from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“to perish, disappear”); this derivation is semantically bold.[2]

(North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈaŋɛn/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈaŋan/
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈaŋɛn/

angen m (usually uncountable, plural anghenion)

need
- 1803, William Owen Pughe, "A Dictionary of the Welsh Language", Volume 1
  Perid i Zyvrig arçeſgob wynieuthu Arthur yn vrenin, a dodi coron am ei ben; canys eu hangen oez yn eu cymhell.
  Perid i Ddyfrig archesgob wynieuthu Arthur yn frenin, a dodi coron am ei ben; canys eu hangen oedd yn eu cymhell. (modernized spelling)
  Dyfrig the archbishop was commanded to consecrate Arthur as king, and to place the crown upon his head; for their necessity was pressing upon them.
(functioning as verbal noun) (a person etc.) in need of; as a predicate of bod, can be translated with the verb “to need”
Bydd Gareth angen calon newydd.
Gareth will need a new heart.
(literally, “Gareth will be a person in need of a new heart.”)

Because angen is a noun, it does not use yn with bod and has no stem, meaning it must be used periphrastically.

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
angen	unchanged	unchanged	hangen
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 99 vi (1)
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “angen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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