Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂neḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂neḱ- (perfective)[1][2][3]

to reach, to attain

Alternative reconstructions

*h₁neḱ-[4]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂neḱ-‎ (17 c, 0 e)

*h₂néḱ-t ~ *h₂n̥ḱ-ént (athematic root aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hā́našt
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hā́naṣṭ
    - Sanskrit: आनट् (ā́naṭ)
*h₂e-h₂nóḱ-e ~ *h₂e-h₂n̥ḱ-ḗr (stative)
*h₂n-né-ḱ-ti ~ *h₂n-n̥-ḱ-énti (nasal infix present)
- Proto-Celtic: *annketi
  - Old Irish: ·icc
*h₂n̥ḱ-néw-ti ~ *h₂n̥ḱ-nw-énti (nu-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haćnáwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Haśnáwti
    - Sanskrit: अश्नोति (aśnóti)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hacnáwtī
    - Avestan: 𐬀𐬱𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ašnaoⁱti)
*h₂nḗḱ-wos
- Proto-Germanic: *nēhwaz (see there for further descendants)
*h₂nōḱ-ós
- Proto-Germanic: *ganōgaz (see there for further descendants)
*h₂n̥ḱ-nó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haćnás
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hacnáh (“near”)
    - Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬝 (asnāt̰, abl.sg.;adv.)
      - Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬈 (asne, loc.sg.)
    - Old Persian: [script needed] (ašnaiy, loc.sg.)
Unsorted derivations:
- Proto-Celtic: *ankenā
  - Old Irish: éicen, écen
    - Irish: éigean, éigin
    - Manx: egin
    - Scottish Gaelic: èiginn
  - Proto-Brythonic: *anken
    - Breton: anken
    - Cornish: anken
    - Middle Welsh: anghen
      - Welsh: angen
- Proto-Celtic: *onkeyeti (causative of the preceding)
  - Old Irish: ·uic
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἀνάγκη (anánkē)
- >? Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ὄγκος (ónkos)
- Proto-Tocharian: *eṅk-[5]
  - Tocharian A: eṃts-
  - Tocharian B: eṅk-

References

Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*nestì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 350
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “eṅk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 81-82

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[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*nestì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 350

[5] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “eṅk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 81-82