< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/neḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*neḱ- (perfective)[1][2][3][4]

  1. to perish, disappear
    Synonyms: *dʰgʷʰey-, *mer-

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *neḱ-‎ (41 c, 0 e)
  • *néḱ-t ~ *n̥ḱ-ént (aorist)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánaćāt
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hánaśāt
        • Sanskrit: नशन्ति (náśanti, 3pl.aor.subj.)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *näk-
  • *néḱ-s-t ~ *n̥ḱ-s-ént (innovative s-aorist)
    • Proto-Italic:[5]
      • Latin: noxit
      • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *noksā
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: ñakäs
      • Tocharian B: nekasta
  • *néḱ-ye-ti (ye-present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *náćyati (see there for further descendants)
  • *néḱ-se-ti (se-present)
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: nkäs
      • Tocharian B: nakṣtär
      • ⇒ Proto-Tocharian:[6]
        • Tocharian B: -nakṣi
  • *ne-nóḱ-e ~ *ne-nḱ-ḗr (perfect)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nanā́ća
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nanā́śa
        • Sanskrit: ननाश (nanā́śa)
      • Proto-Iranian: *nanā́ca
        • Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬥𐬇𐬥𐬁𐬯𐬁 (vīnə̄nāsā)
    • Proto-Tocharian:
  • *noḱ-éye-ti (causative)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nāćáyati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nāśáyati
      • Proto-Iranian: *nācáyati
        • Old Persian: 𐎻𐎡𐎴𐎠𐎰𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (vi-i-n-a-θ-y-t-i-y /⁠vi-nāθayatiy⁠/, 3sg.pres.ind.)
    • Proto-Italic: *nokeō[5]
      • Latin: noceō (see there for further descendants)
  • *noḱ-ó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nāćás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nāśás
        • Sanskrit: नाश (nāśa) (see there for further descendants)
  • *neḱ-tó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *naštás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *naṣṭás
        • Sanskrit: नष्ट (naṣṭá) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Iranian: *naštáh
        • Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (našta)
  • *néḱ-s (“death”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *náćš
      • Proto-Iranian: *náš
        • Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬯 (nas)
    • Proto-Italic: *neks[7]
      • Latin: nex, necō (see there for further descendants)
  • *neḱ-rós
  • *néḱ-tu-s ~ *n̥ḱ-téw-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *anxtu (see there for further descendants)
  • *néḱ-us ~ *n̥ḱ-éw-s
  • *néḱ-tr̥h₂ (with root *terh₂-; though Beekes is unsure[9])
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: νέκταρ (néktar) (see there for further descendants)
  • *n̥ḱw-ó-[10]

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “nek̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 762
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*nek̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 451-452
  3. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 282-284
  4. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “näk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 355-356
  5. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “noceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 411
  6. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “-nakṣi*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 350
  7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nex, necis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 407-408
  8. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νεκρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1003-1004
  9. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νέκταρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1004-1005
  10. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “eṅkwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
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