Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tạrïg

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *tạrï- (“to cultivate”) +‎ *-g. Compare to Proto-Tungusic *dara-gan (“quitch; reed, cane”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*tạrïg

millet

Declension

Declension of *tạrïg

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*tạrïg
Accusative	tạrïgnï, tạrïgïg ⁴⁾, *tạrïgnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*tạrïgnïŋ
Dative	*tạrïgka
Locative	*tạrïgda
Ablative	*tạrïgdan
Allative	*tạrïggaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*tạrïgïn
Equative ²⁾	*tạrïgča
Similative ²⁾	*tạrïglayu
Comitative ²⁾	*tạrïglïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

→ Proto-Mongolic: *tarïxan
- Mongolian: тариа (taria)
Oghur:
- Chuvash: тырӑ (tyră)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: darı
  - Ottoman Turkish: داری, دارو (darı), طاری (darı), طارو (darı)
    - Gagauz: darı
    - Turkish: darı
    - → Armenian: տառը (taṙə), տառոս (taṙos), տարոս (taros)
- Salar: tarı
- Turkmen: dary
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (tarığ)
  - Uzbek: tariq
  - Uyghur: تېرىق (tëriq)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: тары (tarı)
  - Tatar: тары (tarı)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: tarı
  - Kumyk: тари (tari)
  - Karaim: тары
  - Karachay-Balkar: тары (tarı)
- South Kipchak:
  - South Kipchak:
    - Karakalpak: tari
  - East Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: таруу (taruu)
    - Southern Altai: тару (taru)
- → Hungarian: dara
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tarığ)
  - Western Yugur: tarığ
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: тарығ (tarığ)

References

Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 287-291
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dạrɨ-g”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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Foods - yẹ̄miĺčler, yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro, wheat: *bugday
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Strawberry	strawberry: *yidgelek	Apple	apple: *almïla
Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bạl
Millet	millet: *tạrïg	Onion	onion: *sōgun	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe
Radish	radish: turp, turma	Carrot	carrot: *turma