< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/otъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ati (as a prefix: *at-), probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óti, o-grade variant of *h₁éti (“beyond, further; also”), or alternatively from *h₂éti (“but”). Cognate with Lithuanian at- (“back, away”), Latvian at- (“back away”), Old Prussian at-, et- (“back, away”) (the latter from an apparent variant *et-).

Preposition

*otъ[1][2][3]

  1. (with genitive) from, away from
  2. (with genitive) originating from, starting from (a place or time), since
  3. (with genitive) of, made of, consisting of
  4. (with genitive) out of (a selection)
  5. (with genitive) by (in passive; by the action of)
Usage notes

All modern slavic languages except Polabian, Russian, Sorbian and Bulgarian have generalized ot to od, which is the statistically more prevalent form due to word sandhi (i.e. before vowels, sonorants and voiced consonants), and which was reanalyzed as the basic, normal form.

Synonyms
Antonyms
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: отъ (otŭ), ѿ (otŭ)
    • Old Novgorodian: ѿ (ote)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: отъ (otŭ)
      Old Cyrillic script: отъ (otŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⱁⱅⱏ (otŭ)
    • Bulgarian: от (ot)
    • Macedonian: од (od)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: о̏д
      Latin script: ȍd
    • Slovene: od (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “от”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “от”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 952

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ot(ъ)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 382: “prep. ‘from’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “ot(ъ)”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(prep. and prefix) (PR 146)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “od”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *otъ”

Etymology 2

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *áta, from Proto-Indo-European *átta (“father”). Baby-talk word.

Cognates include Albanian atë, Ancient Greek ἄττα (átta), Hittite 𒀜𒋫𒀸 (attaš, “father”), Latin atta, Proto-Germanic *attô (whence Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 (atta), Old High German atto), Proto-Celtic *attyos (whence Old Irish aite), Ossetian ӕда (æda, “grandfather”).

Similarly sounding words are also attested in Proto-Turkic *ata (“father; ancestor”) and Proto-Uralic *attɜ (“father, grandfather”).

Noun

*òtъ m[1][2][3][4][5]

  1. father
    Synonyms: *bata, *tata
Alternative reconstructions
  • *ota
Declension
Declension of *òtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *òtъ *otà *otì
genitive *otà *otù *òtъ
dative *otù *otòma *otòmъ
accusative *òtъ *otà *otỳ
instrumental *otъ̀mь, *otòmь* *otòma *òty
locative *otě̀ *otù *òtěxъ
vocative *ote *otà *otì
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
  • *otь̀cь (“father”) (< *otь̀kъ < *òtъ + *-ь̀kъ)[6]
    • *otьcevъ
      • *otьcevьskъ
      • *otьcevьstvo
    • *otьčičь
    • *otьčina (“paternal household”)
    • *otьčizna / *otьčiznь
      • *otьčinъ
      • *otьčinьnъ
    • *otьčjь
    • *otьčuxъ
    • *otьčunъ
  • *otь̀čь (“fatherly”) (< *otь̀kjь < *otь̀kъ + *-jь < *òtъ + *-ьkъ)[6]
    • *otьčevъ (“paternal”)
    • *otьčìmъ (“fatherly figure”)
      • *otьčimovъ
      • *otьčimьskъ
    • *otьčьnъ (“fatherly”)
    • *otьčьskъ (“patriotic”)
    • *otь̀čьstvo (“fatherland”)
  • *otьnь / *otьnъ (“fatherly”) (< *òtъ + *-ьnъ)
    • *bezotьnъ
    • *otьnina
Descendants
  • West Slavic:
    • Kashubian: óta (“grandma”)

References
  1. Zhuravlyov, A. F., editor (2014), “*otьcь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 39 (*otъtęti – *ozgǫba), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 168
  2. Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “оте́ць”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 232
  3. Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “оте́ц”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  4. Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “оте́ц”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 960
  5. Snoj, Marko (2016) “oče”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
  6. Moszyński, Leszek (2006) Wstęp do filologii słowiańskiej [Introduction to Slavic Philology]‎ (in Polish), 2nd edition, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, page 233
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