< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mǫka
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *múnkāˀ.
Declension
Declension of *mǫ̀ka (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *mǫ̀ka | *mǫ̀cě | *mǫ̀ky |
| genitive | *mǫ̀ky | *mǫ̀ku | *mǫ̀kъ |
| dative | *mǫ̀cě | *mǫ̀kama | *mǫ̀kamъ |
| accusative | *mǫ̀kǫ | *mǫ̀cě | *mǫ̀ky |
| instrumental | *mǫ̀kojǫ, *mǫ̀kǭ** | *mǫ̀kama | *mǫ̀kamī |
| locative | *mǫ̀cě | *mǫ̀ku | *mǫ̀kasъ, *mǫ̀kaxъ* |
| vocative | *mǫ̀ko | *mǫ̀cě | *mǫ̀ky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
adjective
- *mǫčivъ
nouns
- *mǫčenica
- *mǫčenikъ
- *mǫčidlo
- *mǫčiteľь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “му́ка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Etymology 2
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ǵyéti, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵ-, *meh₂ḱ- (“to knead”), see also Sanskrit मचते (macate), Latin mācerō, and Proto-West Germanic *makōn, English make.[3][4]
Declension
Declension of *mǭkà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *mǭkà | *mǫ̃cě | *mǭkỳ |
| genitive | *mǭkỳ | *mǭkù | *mǫ̃kъ |
| dative | *mǭcě̀ | *mǭkàma | *mǭkàmъ |
| accusative | *mǭkǫ̀ | *mǫ̃cě | *mǭkỳ |
| instrumental | *mǭkòjǫ, *mǫ̃kǫ** | *mǭkàma | *mǭkàmī |
| locative | *mǭcě̀ | *mǭkù | *mǭkàsъ, *mǭkàxъ* |
| vocative | *mǫko | *mǫ̃cě | *mǭkỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Derived terms
adjectives
- *mǫčanъ
- *mǫčistъ
- *mǫčьnatъ
- *mǫčьnъ
nouns
- *mǫčica
- *mǫčina
- *mǫčьka
- *mǫčьnica
- *mǫčьnikъ
verb
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “мука́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*mǫ̀ka”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 329: “f. ā (a) ‘torment, torture’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “mǫka mǫky”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a pine (PR 132; RPT 110)”
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μάσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN}
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 2061, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 2061
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*mǭkà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 329: “f. ā (b) ‘flour’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “mǫka mǫky”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b mel (SA 177; PR 135)”
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