мука
Macedonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmuka]
- Rhymes: -uka
Conjugation
Conjugation of мука (imperfective, present in -а)
| l-participles | imperfect | aorist | non-finite forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | мукал | — | adjectival participle | — | ||
| feminine | мукала | — | adverbial participle | мукајќи | ||
| neuter | мукало | — | verbal noun | мукање | ||
| plural | мукале | — | perfect participle | мукано | ||
| present | imperfect | aorist | imperative | |||
| 1st singular | мукам | мукав | — | — | ||
| 2nd singular | мукаш | мукаше | — | мукај | ||
| 3rd singular | мука | мукаше | — | — | ||
| 1st plural | мукаме | мукавме | — | — | ||
| 2nd plural | мукате | мукавте | — | мукајте | ||
| 3rd plural | мукаат | мукаа | — | — | ||
| Compound tenses | ||||||
| perfect | сум мукал | present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-perfect | имам мукано | present of има + perfect participle | ||||
| pluperfect | бев мукал | imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-pluperfect | имав мукано | imperfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
| има-perfect reported | сум имал мукано | perfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
| future | ќе мукам | ќе + present | ||||
| има-future | ќе имам мукано | future of има + perfect participle | ||||
| future in the past | ќе мукав | ќе + imperfect | ||||
| има-future in the past | ќе имав мукано | future in the past of има + perfect participle | ||||
| future reported | ќе сум мукал | ќе + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-future reported | ќе сум имал мукано | future reported of има + perfect participle | ||||
| conditional | би мукал | би + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-conditional | би имал мукано | conditional of има + perfect participle | ||||
Russian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǭka (“flour”). Akin to regional Serbo-Croatian мука/muka (“meal”), Slovene moka, Slovak múka. Non-Slavic cognates include Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”), German and Old High German mengen (“to mix”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mʊˈka]
Noun
мука́ • (muká) f inan (genitive муки́, uncountable, relational adjective мучно́й) (mass noun, no plural)
Declension
Related terms
- мукомо́л (mukomól)
- мучни́стый (mučnístyj)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“torment, torture”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmukə]
Declension
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“torture, torment”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mûka/
- Hyphenation: му‧ка
Declension
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǭka (“flour”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mǔːka/
- Hyphenation: му‧ка
Ukrainian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *mǫka (“torture, torment”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmukɐ]
Audio (file)
Declension
Derived terms
- му́ченик m (múčenyk), му́чениця f (múčenycja)
- му́чеництво n (múčenyctvo)
- му́ченицький (múčenycʹkyj)
Related terms
- заму́чувати impf (zamúčuvaty), заму́чити pf (zamúčyty)
- му́чення n (múčennja)
- му́читися impf (múčytysja)
- мучи́тель m (mučýtelʹ), мучи́телька f (mučýtelʹka)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *mǭka (“flour”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mʊˈka]
Noun
мука́ • (muká) f inan (genitive муки́, uncountable)
Declension
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “мука”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “мука”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “мука”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “мука”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
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