Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kъrtiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*kъrtěti

Etymology

Normally reconstructed as a denominal verb of *(s)ker- (“to cut”) +‎ *-tós (per Trubachyov). Given that the same root also produced palatalized 0-grade lemmas in Balto-Slavic, e.g. *čьrtati (“to draw”), it is likely that the plain velar forms were influenced by *kʷer- (“to make, to build”). Cognates in Balto-Slavic include Lithuanian kùrti (“to build”), Latvian kurt (“to excite”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, the root is related to Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), Latin curtus (“shortened”) as a descendant of *(s)ker- and to Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“made”), Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (“form”) as a descendant of *kʷer-.

Verb

*kъrtiti impf

to peck
to thrash

Inflection

Conjugation of *kъrtiti, *kъrti, *kъrtitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kъrťenьje	*kъrtiti	*kъrtitъ	*kъrtilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kъrťenъ	*kъrtimъ
Active	*kъrťь	*kъrtę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kъrtixъ	*kъrti	*kъrti	*kъrťǫ	*kъrtiši	*kъrtitь
Dual	*kъrtixově	*kъrtista	*kъrtiste	*kъrtivě	*kъrtita	*kъrtite
Plural	*kъrtixomъ	*kъrtiste	*kъrtišę	*kъrtimъ	*kъrtite	*kъrtętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kъrťaaxъ	*kъrťaaše	*kъrťaaše	—	*kъrti	*kъrti
Dual	*kъrťaaxově	*kъrťaašeta	*kъrťaašete	*kъrtivě	*kъrtita	—
Plural	*kъrťaaxomъ	*kъrťaašete	*kъrťaaxǫ	*kъrtimъ	*kъrtite	—

(*)*kъrtivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

*čersti (“to carve, slash”)
*čьrtati (“to draw”)
*čьrta (“dash”)
*kortъ (“once, time”)
*kortъkъ (“short”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: карціць (karcicʹ, “to yearn for”)
- Russian: кортеть (kortetʹ, “to yearn for”) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: кортіти (kortity, “to yearn for”)
  - → Polish: korcić
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: къртити (kŭrtiti)
- Bulgarian: къ́ртя (kǎ́rtja)
- Macedonian: крти (krti)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: кртити (“to agonize”)
  
  Latin script: krtiti
West Slavic:
- Polish: karcić
- Upper Sorbian: korćić

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кортеть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъrtiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 241

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