< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-
Proto-Indo-European
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer- (48 c, 0 e)
- *kʷér-t ~ *kʷr-ént (root aorist)[1][3]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣 (ku-e-er-zi, “to cut, to cut up, to cut off”, 3sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫 (ku-e-er-ta, 3sg.pret.act.)
- Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)
- Proto-Celtic: *kʷert (“make, cause”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- *kʷér-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷér-(h₁)s-onti ((h₁)se-desiderative)[1]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: [script needed] (ku-e-er-šu-un, 1sg.pret.act.), [script needed] (kur-ša-a-i, “to cut off”, 2sg.imp.act.)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- *kʷér-kʷor- ~ *kʷér-kʷr̥- (secondary intensive)[1]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: [script needed] (kurkuriyat)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárkr̥t
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárkr̥t
- Sanskrit: करिकृत् (kárikṛt)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárkr̥t
- Proto-Anatolian:
- *kʷe-kʷór-e (perfect)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakā́ra
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakā́ra
- Sanskrit: चकार (cakā́ra, “had made”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakā́ra
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakā́ra
- *kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-onti (reduplicated (h₁)se-desiderative)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číkr̥Hšati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćíkr̥Hṣati
- Sanskrit: चिकीर्षति (cíkīrṣati)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćíkr̥Hṣati
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číkr̥Hšati
- *kʷor-éye-ti ~ *kʷor-éy-onti (éye-causative)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kāráyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kāráyati
- Sanskrit: कारयति (kāráyati), कारयते (kāráyate)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kāráyati
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kāráyati
- *kʷ-kʷr̥s-eti ~ *kʷ-kʷr̥s-onti[3]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: [script needed] (ku-kur-ša-an-t-), Hittite: [script needed] (ku-gur-ša-an-t-, “to cut up, to mutilate”, part.)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- *kʷr̥-néw-ti ~ *kʷr̥-nw-énti (néw-present)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥náwti (see there for further descendants)
- *kʷr̥-sḱ-éti ~ *kʷr̥-sḱ-ónti (sḱe-present)[1]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: [script needed] (kuraski[zzi], 3sg.), [script needed] (kureskanzi, 3pl.)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- *kʷér-mn̥ ~ *kʷr̥-méns
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárma
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárma
- Sanskrit: कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárma
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárma
- *kʷér-ōr
- *kʷór-o-s
- *kʷér-tis ~ *kʷr̥-téy-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kŕ̥tiš
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥tiṣ
- Sanskrit: कृति (kṛ́ti, “the act of doing”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥tiṣ
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kŕ̥tiš
- *kʷér-tu-s ~ *kʷr̥-téw-s
- *kʷr̥-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥tás (see there for further descendants)
- *kʷr̥-yos
- Proto-Celtic: *kʷaryos (“cauldron”) (see there for further descendants)
- *kʷór-yo-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ryas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́ryas
- Sanskrit: कार्य (kārya) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *karyah
- Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kairiia)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́ryas
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ryas
- Unsorted formations
- Proto-Albanian: *tšerkā
- Albanian: sarkë (“build, frame”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kēr-, *ker-[4]
- Proto-Celtic: *kʷritanī, *kʷritenī
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τέραος, τέρας (téraos, téras) (< *kʷer-n̥ts ~ *kʷer-n̥tos)? (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kar-
- Proto-Iranian: *kar-
- Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭩 (-kly /-gar/)
- Persian: ـگر (-gar)
- Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭩 (-kly /-gar/)
- Proto-Iranian: *kar-
- Proto-Tocharian:[5]
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ku̯er-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 391
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 362
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “kuer-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 486-487
- Derksen, Rick (2015) “kėrai”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kerū”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 209
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