< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/časъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *keˀs-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)eh₁s-. Cognate with Old Prussian kīsman (“time”) and possibly Albanian kohë (“time”). Akin to *čajati (“to wait, expect”) and *čakati, with a semantic development similar to the one found between *godъ and *žьdati (“to wait”).

The other possibility is from the lengthened grade of Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to go”), with a semantic development similar to the one found in Latin annus (“year”) (< earlier *atnos < PIE *h₂et- (“to go”); compare Sanskrit अटति (átati, “to go”)).

Noun

*čàsъ m[1][2]

  1. time

Declension
Declension of *čàsъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *čàsъ *čàsa *čàsi
genitive *čàsa *čàsu *čàsъ
dative *čàsu *čàsoma *čàsomъ
accusative *čàsъ *čàsa *čàsy
instrumental *čàsъmь, *čàsomь* *čàsoma *čàsȳ
locative *čàsě *čàsu *čàsě̄xъ
vocative *čàse *čàsa *čàsi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: часъ (časŭ)
      • Belarusian: час (čas)
      • Russian: час (čas), часъ (čas)
        • → Kildin Sami: ча̄сс (čāss, “hour, watch”)
        • → Yakut: чаас (caas, “hour”)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: час (čas)
      • Ukrainian: час (čas)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: čas
      • Czech: čas
        • Bohemian (Chod dialect): čas
        • Moravian (Mistřice): čas
    • Old Polish: czas
    • Pomeranian:
    • Slovak: čas
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: cas
      • Upper Sorbian: čas

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “час”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*časъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 27
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*časъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 116
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “czas”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “czas”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čàsъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 79: “m. o (a) ‘time’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “časъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 134); d (OSA 140f.); a/d (RPT 99, 101f.) time”
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