< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Secondary causative of *járati.[1][2]

Verb

*jāráyati

  1. to be angered, vexed
  2. to be tormented, pained

Derived terms
  • *aHjāráyati
  • *jārah
    • Baluchi: زار (zâr, “anger”)
    • Parthian: (“sorrow, suffering”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫡 (zʾr /⁠zār⁠/)
      • → Middle Persian: *zār
        • Persian: زار (zâr, “lamentation”)
          • → Armenian: զար (zar), զառ (zaṙ)
          • → Azerbaijani: zar
          • → Georgian: ზარი (zari)
          • → Gujarati: ઝાર (jhār)
    • Pashto: زور (zawër, “grief, concern, anxiety”)
  • *upajāráyati
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (pzʾr-, “to blame, rebuke”)
    • Sogdian:
      Old Sogdian script: [Old Sogdian needed] (ʾpzʾrnʾt /⁠āzērd⁠/, 3sg.subj.pres.)
  • *wijāráyati
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠widārdēd, wiyārdēd⁠/, “to suffer, endure”) (restored -d-?)
      Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (wydʾryd)
      • → Parthian:
        Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫍 (wydʾryh /⁠widārdēd⁠/, 2sg.pres.), 𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫗𐫅 (wdʾrynd /⁠widārēnd⁠/, 3pl.pres.)

Descendants
  • Parthian: *zārdēd
    • → Middle Persian: *zārdēd
      • Persian: زاریدن (zâridan)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178
  2. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
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