< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/aHjāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *aH- +‎ *jāráyati, secondary causative of *járati.[1]

Verb

*aHjāráyati[2][3]

  1. to torment, offend
  2. to hurt, wound

Derived terms
  • *aHjāráh
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: ئازار (azar, “annoyance; pain”)
    • Pashto: آزار (āzār, “illness; offense”)
    • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾzʾr /⁠āzār⁠/)
      • Persian: آزار (âzâr, “affliction, disease, grieve, vexation, annoyance, injury”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *aHjārikah
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (ʾzʾryk, “harm”)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬈 (āzāraiieṇte, 3pl.med.caus.), 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬋𐬌𐬱 (āzāraiiōiš, “to hurt, wound, offend”, 2sg.opt.caus.)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾzyʾr-, “to be offended”, 3sg.impf.)
    • Sogdian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫖 (ʾʾzyrm /⁠āzarm⁠/, “to offend, hurt”, 1sg.caus.pres.)
      Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼰𐼵𐼰𐼷𐽀𐽂 (ʾʾzʾyrt /⁠āzērd⁠/, “to hurt, trouble”)
      Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ʾzyrʾm /⁠āzrām⁠/, “to slander”, 1sg.caus.pres.)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Parthian: 𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾzʾryd /⁠āzārēd⁠/)
      • → Middle Persian: (/⁠āzārēd⁠/, “to torment, offend; to hurt”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾʾzʾryd), 𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾzʾryd)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾcʾlyt)
        • Persian: آزردن (âzordan, “to annoy, torment”)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠āyārēd⁠/, “to suffer; to be distressed, tormented”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾyʾrdynd, 3pl.pres.), 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫀𐫗𐫅 (ʾyʾrdʾnd, 3pl.subj.pres.)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾdʾltyt)

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
  2. Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾʾzyr-¹”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 17: “āzāraya-”
  3. The template Template:R:xco:CW does not use the parameter(s): 
    3=*ā-zarya-; *ā-zāraya-
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Benzing, Johannes (1983) “ʾzry-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 134
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