زور
Arabic
Root |
---|
ز و ر (z-w-r) |
Conjugation
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
zawar or yazwar | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
زَاوِر zāwir | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | زَوِرْتُ zawirtu |
زَوِرْتَ zawirta |
zawira |
زَوِرْتُمَا zawirtumā |
zawirā |
zawirnā |
زَوِرْتُمْ zawirtum |
zawirū | |||
f | زَوِرْتِ zawirti |
زَوِرَتْ zawirat |
زَوِرَتَا zawiratā |
زَوِرْتُنَّ zawirtunna |
زَوِرْنَ zawirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔazwaru |
tazwaru |
yazwaru |
تَزْوَرَانِ tazwarāni |
يَزْوَرَانِ yazwarāni |
nazwaru |
tazwarūna |
yazwarūna | |||
f | tazwarīna |
tazwaru |
تَزْوَرَانِ tazwarāni |
تَزْوَرْنَ tazwarna |
يَزْوَرْنَ yazwarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔazwara |
tazwara |
yazwara |
تَزْوَرَا tazwarā |
يَزْوَرَا yazwarā |
nazwara |
tazwarū |
yazwarū | |||
f | tazwarī |
tazwara |
تَزْوَرَا tazwarā |
تَزْوَرْنَ tazwarna |
يَزْوَرْنَ yazwarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔazwar |
tazwar |
yazwar |
تَزْوَرَا tazwarā |
يَزْوَرَا yazwarā |
nazwar |
tazwarū |
yazwarū | |||
f | tazwarī |
tazwar |
تَزْوَرَا tazwarā |
تَزْوَرْنَ tazwarna |
يَزْوَرْنَ yazwarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِزْوَرْ izwar |
اِزْوَرَا izwarā |
اِزْوَرُوا izwarū |
||||||||
f | اِزْوَرِي izwarī |
اِزْوَرْنَ izwarna |
Verb
زَوَّرَ • (zawwara) II, non-past يُزَوِّرُ (yuzawwiru)
- to acknowledge as a visitor, to treat as a visitor
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | زَوْر zawr |
الزَّوْر az-zawr |
زَوْر zawr |
Nominative | زَوْرٌ zawrun |
الزَّوْرُ az-zawru |
زَوْرُ zawru |
Accusative | زَوْرًا zawran |
الزَّوْرَ az-zawra |
زَوْرَ zawra |
Genitive | زَوْرٍ zawrin |
الزَّوْرِ az-zawri |
زَوْرِ zawri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | زَوْرَيْن zawrayn |
الزَّوْرَيْن az-zawrayn |
زَوْرَيْ zawray |
Nominative | زَوْرَانِ zawrāni |
الزَّوْرَانِ az-zawrāni |
زَوْرَا zawrā |
Accusative | زَوْرَيْنِ zawrayni |
الزَّوْرَيْنِ az-zawrayni |
زَوْرَيْ zawray |
Genitive | زَوْرَيْنِ zawrayni |
الزَّوْرَيْنِ az-zawrayni |
زَوْرَيْ zawray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَزْوَار ʔazwār |
الْأَزْوَار al-ʔazwār |
أَزْوَار ʔazwār |
Nominative | أَزْوَارٌ ʔazwārun |
الْأَزْوَارُ al-ʔazwāru |
أَزْوَارُ ʔazwāru |
Accusative | أَزْوَارًا ʔazwāran |
الْأَزْوَارَ al-ʔazwāra |
أَزْوَارَ ʔazwāra |
Genitive | أَزْوَارٍ ʔazwārin |
الْأَزْوَارِ al-ʔazwāri |
أَزْوَارِ ʔazwāri |
Noun
زَوَر • (zawar) m
- verbal noun of زَوِرَ (zawira) (form I)
- inclination
- crookedness, wryness, distortion
- distorted chest, asymmetrical thorax
Declension
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭥𐭫 (zwl /zūr/), and denominal verb.
Noun
زُور • (zūr) m
Declension
Verb
زَوَّرَ • (zawwara) II, non-past يُزَوِّرُ (yuzawwiru)
- to call a lie, to impinge
- to forge, to counterfeit
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tazwīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muzawwir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muzawwar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | زَوَّرْتُ zawwartu |
زَوَّرْتَ zawwarta |
zawwara |
زَوَّرْتُمَا zawwartumā |
zawwarā |
zawwarnā |
زَوَّرْتُمْ zawwartum |
zawwarū | |||
f | زَوَّرْتِ zawwarti |
زَوَّرَتْ zawwarat |
زَوَّرَتَا zawwaratā |
زَوَّرْتُنَّ zawwartunna |
زَوَّرْنَ zawwarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuzawwiru |
tuzawwiru |
yuzawwiru |
تُزَوِّرَانِ tuzawwirāni |
يُزَوِّرَانِ yuzawwirāni |
nuzawwiru |
tuzawwirūna |
yuzawwirūna | |||
f | tuzawwirīna |
tuzawwiru |
تُزَوِّرَانِ tuzawwirāni |
تُزَوِّرْنَ tuzawwirna |
يُزَوِّرْنَ yuzawwirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuzawwira |
tuzawwira |
yuzawwira |
تُزَوِّرَا tuzawwirā |
يُزَوِّرَا yuzawwirā |
nuzawwira |
tuzawwirū |
yuzawwirū | |||
f | tuzawwirī |
tuzawwira |
تُزَوِّرَا tuzawwirā |
تُزَوِّرْنَ tuzawwirna |
يُزَوِّرْنَ yuzawwirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuzawwir |
tuzawwir |
yuzawwir |
تُزَوِّرَا tuzawwirā |
يُزَوِّرَا yuzawwirā |
nuzawwir |
tuzawwirū |
yuzawwirū | |||
f | tuzawwirī |
tuzawwir |
تُزَوِّرَا tuzawwirā |
تُزَوِّرْنَ tuzawwirna |
يُزَوِّرْنَ yuzawwirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | zawwir |
zawwirā |
zawwirū |
||||||||
f | zawwirī |
زَوِّرْنَ zawwirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | زُوِّرْتُ zuwwirtu |
زُوِّرْتَ zuwwirta |
zuwwira |
زُوِّرْتُمَا zuwwirtumā |
zuwwirā |
zuwwirnā |
زُوِّرْتُمْ zuwwirtum |
zuwwirū | |||
f | زُوِّرْتِ zuwwirti |
زُوِّرَتْ zuwwirat |
زُوِّرَتَا zuwwiratā |
زُوِّرْتُنَّ zuwwirtunna |
زُوِّرْنَ zuwwirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuzawwaru |
tuzawwaru |
yuzawwaru |
تُزَوَّرَانِ tuzawwarāni |
يُزَوَّرَانِ yuzawwarāni |
nuzawwaru |
tuzawwarūna |
yuzawwarūna | |||
f | tuzawwarīna |
tuzawwaru |
تُزَوَّرَانِ tuzawwarāni |
تُزَوَّرْنَ tuzawwarna |
يُزَوَّرْنَ yuzawwarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuzawwara |
tuzawwara |
yuzawwara |
تُزَوَّرَا tuzawwarā |
يُزَوَّرَا yuzawwarā |
nuzawwara |
tuzawwarū |
yuzawwarū | |||
f | tuzawwarī |
tuzawwara |
تُزَوَّرَا tuzawwarā |
تُزَوَّرْنَ tuzawwarna |
يُزَوَّرْنَ yuzawwarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuzawwar |
tuzawwar |
yuzawwar |
تُزَوَّرَا tuzawwarā |
يُزَوَّرَا yuzawwarā |
nuzawwar |
tuzawwarū |
yuzawwarū | |||
f | tuzawwarī |
tuzawwar |
تُزَوَّرَا tuzawwarā |
تُزَوَّرْنَ tuzawwarna |
يُزَوَّرْنَ yuzawwarna |
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭥𐭫 (zwl /zōr/).
Declension
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “زور”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 265
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “زور”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1268–1269
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “زور”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 535
Hijazi Arabic
Root |
---|
ز و ر |
1 term |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zaw.war/
Verb
زور • (zawwar) II (non-past يزور (yizawwir))
- to call a lie, to impinge
- to forge, to counterfeit
Conjugation
Conjugation of زور (zawwar) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | زورت (zawwart) | زورت (zawwart) | زور (zawwar) | زورنا (zawwarna) | زورتوا (zawwartu) | زوروا (zawwaru) | |
f | زورتي (zawwarti) | زورت (zawwarat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أزور (ʔazawwir) | تزور (tizawwir) | يزور (yizawwir) | نزور (nizawwir) | تزوروا (tizawwiru) | يزوروا (yizawwiru) | |
f | تزوري (tizawwiri) | تزور (tizawwir) | ||||||
imperative | m | زور (zawwir) | زوروا (zawwiru) | |||||
f | زوري (zawwiri) |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zoːr/, [zo̞ːr]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zuːr/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zuːr/
Ottoman Turkish
Noun
زور • (zor)
Derived terms
- زوراكی (zoraki)
- زورلق (zorluk)
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian [script needed] (zwl /zōr/), which Pokorny derives from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to hasten”) and compares to Serbo-Croatian žúriti (“to hurry, rush”) and Old Norse keyra (“to whip, lash; to ride”). See also Old Armenian զաւր (zawr), an Iranian borrowing.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [zoːɾ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [zoːɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [zoːɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [zʊːɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [zuːɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zɵɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | zōr |
Dari reading? | zōr |
Iranian reading? | zur |
Tajik reading? | zür |
Noun
Dari | زور |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | зӯр |
زور • (zur)
- force, strength, power, might
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3560:
- چار جوی جنت اندر حکم ماست
این نه زور ما ز فرمان خداست- čār jōy-i-jannat andar hukm-i-mā-st
īn na zōr-i-mā za farmān-i-xudā-st - The four rivers of Paradise are under our control;
this is not (by) our might, ’tis (by) the command of God
- čār jōy-i-jannat andar hukm-i-mā-st
- violence, force
Derived terms
(verbs)
- زور آوردن (zur âvardan)
- زور دادن (zur dâdan)
- زور زدن (zur zadan)
- زور گفتن (zur goftan)
(leading)
(trailing)
- به زور (be zur)
- بی زور (bi zur)
- پرزور (por-zur)
- پیل زور (pil zur)
- کمزور (kam-zur)
- گاو زور (gâv zur)
Descendants
- → Armenian: զոռ (zoṙ)
- → Azerbaijani: zor
- → Bashkir: ҙур (źur, “big, large”)
- → Bengali: জোর (jōr)
- → Greek: ζόρι (zóri)
- → Gujarati: જોર (jor)
- → Hindustani: zor
- → Kazakh: зор (zor)
- → Konkani: जोर (jor)
- → Marathi: जोर (jor)
- → Ottoman Turkish: زور (zor)
- → Punjabi:
- → Romani: zor
- → Udi: зор (zor)
- → Uyghur: زور (zor)
Etymology 2
From Middle Persian [script needed] (zwhl /zōhr/), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéw-tlo-, from *ǵʰew- (“to pour”). Compare English god, God. See also Persian ژون (žun, “idol”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [zawɾ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [zäwɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [zäwɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [zäwɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [zowɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zäwɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | zawr |
Dari reading? | zawr |
Iranian reading? | zowr |
Tajik reading? | zavr |
Etymology 3
From Middle Persian [script needed] (zʿwr /zūr/). Compare also Old Armenian զուր (zur), from Parthian.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [zuːɾ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [zuːɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [zuːɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [zuɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [zuːɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zuɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | zūr |
Dari reading? | zūr |
Iranian reading? | zur |
Tajik reading? | zur |
References
- Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 147
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 399, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 399
Urdu
Etymology 1
From Classical Persian زور (zōr, “strength, force; power, might”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /zoːɾ/
Audio (PK) (file) - Rhymes: -oːɾ
Noun
زور • (zor) m (Hindi spelling ज़ोर)
Etymology 2
From Classical Persian زور (zūr, “falsehood; lie, deceit”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /zuːɾ/
- Rhymes: -uːɾ