< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Likely of onomatopoeic origin.

Root

*h₂enh₁-[1][2]

  1. to breathe

Extensions
  • *h₂enh₁-ǵʰ-[3]
    • ⇒ *h₂en(h₁)ǵʰ-eh₂yé-ti
      • Proto-Germanic: *angōną
        • Old Norse: anga (“to exhale; to emit a scent”)
    • ⇒ *h₂en(h₁)ǵʰ-ō[3]
      • Proto-Armenian:
        • Old Armenian: անձն (anjn) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *angô
        • Old Norse: angi (“smell, scent”)
    • ⇒ *h₂en(h₁)ǵʰ-o-m
      • Proto-Germanic: *angą

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enh₁-‎ (31 c, 0 e)
  • *h₂énh₁-ti ~ h₂n̥h₁-énti (athematic root present)
  • *h₂enh₁-ye-ti (ye-present)
    • Proto-Albanian: *anja[4]
      • Albanian: ëj (“to blow; to blow up, swell”)
  • *h₂enh₁-dʰō
    • Proto-Germanic: *anadô (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂énh₁-mo-s
  • *h₂énh₁-i-lo-s or *h₂énh₁-il-o-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HánHilas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HánHilas
        • Sanskrit: अनिल (ánila, “air, wind”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂énh₁-mn̥
  • *h₂enh₁-slo-s
  • *h₂énh₁-tlom
    • ⇒ *h₂énh₁-tl-eh₂
      • Proto-Celtic: *anatlā (“breath”)[5] (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂énh₁-yós
    • Proto-Iranian: *aHnáHyah
      • Avestan: 𐬅𐬥𐬍𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ą̇nīiia, “breathing”)
  • Compounds:
Unsorted formations
  • Proto-Albanian: *antā[7]
    • Albanian: ëndë (“pleasure, delight”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *HnaHha-
    • Kurdish:
      • Central Kurdish: ھەناسە (henase)
      • Northern Kurdish: henase
        • → Iranian Persian: هناسه (hanāse, “oh, cold breathe”) [8]
    • Old Median:
      • Old Tati:
        Old Azari: هنای (hunāy, “breathe”)
    • Persian: هناهین (hanâhin, “(horse) noise”)
    • Lurish:
      • Northern Luri: هناسه (henāsa)
        • Balagarivey: انه (ena, “breathe”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wyaHnás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wyaHnás
    • Proto-Iranian: *wyaHnáH
      • Central Iranian:
        • Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (viiānaiiā)
      • Southeastern Iranian:
        • Pashto: ځان (źân, “life; body”) (Perhaps influenced from Western Iranian)
      • Northwestern Iranian:
        • Baluchi: جان (jàn)
        • Kurdish:
          Central Kurdish: گیان (gyan)
          Northern Kurdish: giyan, gyan
          Southern Kurdish: گیان (gyan)
          Laki: گیان (gyan)
        • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
          • Caspian:
            • Gilaki: جان (soul; body; dear)
            • Mazanderani: جان (soul; dear)
          • Old Median:
            • Kermanic:
              • Khunsari: گیون (giyūn)
            • Old Azari: گیان (giyān)
              • Harzani: گون (gun, “soul; body”)
            • Sivandi: gān (“soul”)
          • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
          • Parthian: (/⁠gyān⁠/)
            Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭂𐭉𐭀𐭍 (gyʾn)
            Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫗 (gyʾn)
      • Southwestern Iranian:
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠gyān⁠/, “soul, ghost”)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾn'), [script needed] (HYA)
          Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭢𐭩𐭠𐭭𐭩 (gyʾny)
          Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫗 (gyʾn)
          Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮇𐮈𐮀 (HYA)
          • Lurish:
            Northern Luri: جؤ (jo, “soul”), گیان (giyān) (in Some parts of Lurestan)
            Bakhtiari: گین (gīn)
          • Classical Persian: جان (ǰān) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian:
  • Proto-Tocharian: *ān- (“to breathe”)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *ānelme (abstract form)[9]
      • Tocharian B: onolme (“creature, being, person”)

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  3. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “anjn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 93–94
  4. Meyer, G. (1891) “aj”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, pages 5–6: “anjô”
  5. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*anatlā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
  6. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āñme”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 43–44
  7. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ëndë ~ andë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 91
  8. , هناسه in Dehkhoda Dictionary.
  9. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “onolme”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 121
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