釋

See also: 釈 and 释
釋 U+91CB, 釋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CB
← 释
[U+91CA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 里 →
[U+91CC]

Translingual
Traditional 釋
Shinjitai 釈
Simplified 释

Han character

釋 (Kangxi radical 165, 釆+13, 20 strokes, cangjie input 竹木田中十 (HDWLJ), four-corner 26941, composition ⿰釆睪)

Derived characters
  • 𡅵 𨰪

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1290, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40129
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1791, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3900, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+91CB

Chinese
trad. 釋
simp. 释

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (睪) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斁 *ʔl'aːɡs, *l'aːɡs, *laːɡ
籜 *l̥ʰaːɡ
蘀 *l̥ʰaːɡ
鐸 *l'aːɡ
凙 *l'aːɡ
襗 *l'aːɡ, *rlaːɡ, *laːɡ
擇 *rlaːɡ
澤 *rlaːɡ
鸅 *rlaːɡ
蠌 *rlaːɡ
檡 *rlaːɡ, *hljaɡ
釋 *hljaɡ
繹 *laːɡ
睪 *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː
譯 *laːɡ
嶧 *laːɡ
懌 *laːɡ
驛 *laːɡ
醳 *laːɡ
圛 *laːɡ
墿 *laːɡ
燡 *laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaɡ) : semantic 釆 (“distinguish”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).

Etymology
Buddhist monastic surname

Popularized by Dao'an as a common surname for all Buddhist monastics by taking the first character of Śākyamuni Buddha's transliterated Chinese name, 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní).

初魏晉沙門依師為姓，故姓各不同，安以為大師之本，莫尊釋迦，乃以釋命氏。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
初魏晋沙门依师为姓，故姓各不同，安以为大师之本，莫尊释迦，乃以释命氏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: 高僧傳
Chū Wèi Jìn shāmén yī shī wèi xìng, gù xìng gè bùtóng, Ān yǐwèi dàshī zhī běn, mò zūn Shìjiā, nǎi yǐ Shì mìng shì. [Pinyin]
At the beginning of the Wei and Jin, śramaṇas all took their surname from their teachers, and thus their surnames were all different. Dao'an believed that the archetype of all great teachers could not be anyone other than Śākya[muni], and thus gave Shi as their lineage.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 釋
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 施隻切
Baxter syek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕiajk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiɛk̚/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 sik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 釋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syek ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥Ak/
English release; dissolve

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 釋
Reading # 1/1
No. 15134
Phonetic
component		 睪
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 釋
Old
Chinese		 /*hljaɡ/

Definitions

釋

  1. to explain; to elucidate
  2. to release
  3. (Buddhism) Short for 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní, “Shakyamuni”).
  4. 21st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "release, freedom" (𝌚)
  5. a surname, customarily adopted by Buddhist monks and nuns upon their ordination.

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (釋):
  • → Vietnamese: Thích (釋)

Japanese

Shinjitai

 釈

Kyūjitai

 釋

Kanji
釋

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 釈)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

釋 • (seok) (hangeul 석)

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Vietnamese

Han character

釋: Hán Nôm readings: thích

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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