道德

See also: 道徳

Chinese

		direction; way; method direction; way; method; road; path; principle; truth; reason; skill; Tao (of Taoism); a measure word; to say; to speak; to talk	Germany; virtue; goodness Germany; virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favour; character; kind
trad. (道德)		道	德
simp. ^#(道德)		道	德

Etymology

Attested in Pre-Qin texts.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dàodé

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˋ ㄉㄜˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dou⁶ dak¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): au⁵ ak²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tho-tet
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tǒ͘-tiak / tō-tek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dàodé
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ ㄉㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dàodé
  - Wade–Giles: tao⁴-tê²
  - Yale: dàu-dé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dawder
  - Palladius: даодэ (daodɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    到得
    道德
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dou⁶ dak¹
  - Yale: douh dāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶ dak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: dou⁶ deg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯²² tɐk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: au⁵ ak²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /au³² ak̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tho-tet
  - Hakka Romanization System: to ded`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: to⁴ ded⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵⁵ tet̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ͘-tiak
  - Tâi-lô: tǒo-tiak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²² tiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō-tek
  - Tâi-lô: tō-tik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doixdeg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /to³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /to²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: dawX tok

Rime
Character	道	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	登 (131)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	徒晧切	多則切
Baxter	dawX	tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑu^X/	/tək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑu^X/	/tək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑu^X/	/tək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daw^X/	/tək̚/
Li Rong	/dɑu^X/	/tək̚/
Wang Li	/dɑu^X/	/tək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑu^X/	/tək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dào	de
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou⁶	dak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kə.l]ˤuʔ tˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'uːʔ tɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	道	德
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dào	dé
Middle Chinese	‹ daw^X ›	‹ tok ›
Old Chinese	/*[kə.l]ˁuʔ/	/*tˁək/
English	way	virtue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	道	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11669	17266
Phonetic component	首	直
Rime group	幽	職
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	道	德
Old Chinese	/*l'uːʔ/	/*tɯːɡ/

Noun

道德

morality; morals; ethics
道德教育 ― dàodé jiàoyù ― moral instruction

道德制高點／道德制高点 ― dàodé zhìgāodiǎn ― moral high ground

道德敗壞／道德败坏 ― dàodé bàihuài ― moral decay

他律道德 ― tālǜ dàodé ― heteronomous morality

有悖於傳統道德／有悖于传统道德 ― yǒubèiyú chuántǒng dàodé ― to violate traditional notions of morality
- 上古競於道德，中世逐於智謀，當今爭於氣力。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  上古竞于道德，中世逐于智谋，当今争于气力。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE, translated based on W. K. Liao's version
  Shànggǔ jìng yú dàodé, zhōngshì zhú yú zhìmóu, dāngjīn zhēng yú qìlì. [Pinyin]
  Men of remote antiquity strove to be known for their morality and virtue; those of the middle age struggled to be known their wisdom and resourfulness; and now men fight to be known for their vigor and strength.

Related terms

道義／道义 (dàoyì)
公德 (gōngdé)
公理 (gōnglǐ)
正理 (zhènglǐ)
正義／正义 (zhèngyì)

Adjective

道德

moral (often used in negation)
不道德的行為／不道德的行为 ― bù dàodé de xíngwéi ― immoral behaviour

Synonyms

不道德 (bùdàodé)

Derived terms

不道德 (bùdàodé)
仁義道德／仁义道德 (rényì dàodé)
道德制高點／道德制高点 (dàodé zhìgāodiǎn)
道德恐慌 (dàodé kǒnghuāng)
道德法庭 (dàodé fǎtíng)
道德準則／道德准则 (dàodé zhǔnzé)
道德綁架／道德绑架 (dàodé bǎngjià)
道德風險／道德风险 (dàodé fēngxiǎn)
道德高地 (dàodé gāodì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (道德):

→ Japanese: 道(どう)徳(とく) (dōtoku)
→ Korean: 도덕(道德) (dodeok)
→ Vietnamese: đạo đức (道德)

See also

德性 (déxìng)
倫理／伦理 (lúnlǐ)
美德 (měidé)
缺德 (quēdé)
道德經／道德经 (Dàodéjīng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
道	德
どう Grade: 2	とく Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) どーとく [dòótókú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [do̞ːto̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

道(どう)德(とく) • (dōtoku)

Kyūjitai form of 道徳

Korean

Hanja in this term
道	德

Noun

道德 • (dodeok) (hangeul 도덕)

Hanja form^? of 도덕 (“morality; ethics”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
道	德

Noun

道德

chữ Hán form of đạo đức (“morality; ethics”).

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