上古

Chinese

		up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up	ancient; old
simp. and trad. (上古)		上	古

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shànggǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄨˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng⁶ gu²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): siang⁵ gu²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siōng-kó͘ / siāng-kó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shànggǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shànggǔ
  - Wade–Giles: shang⁴-ku³
  - Yale: shàng-gǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqguu
  - Palladius: шангу (šangu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: soeng⁶ gu²
  - Yale: seuhng gú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁶ gu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁶ gu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²² kuː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: siang⁵ gu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³² ku⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-kó͘
  - Tâi-lô: siōng-kóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioxngkor
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng-kó͘
  - Tâi-lô: siāng-kóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaxngkor
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

Noun

上古

the distant past; ancient times; antiquity; early historical times
上古漢語／上古汉语 ― shànggǔ hànyǔ ― Old Chinese

Synonyms

元古 (yuángǔ)
先代 (xiāndài) (literary)
先古 (xiāngǔ) (literary)
古代 (gǔdài)
古早 (gǔzǎo) (chiefly Min)
古時／古时 (gǔshí)
太古 (tàigǔ) (often attributive)
曠古／旷古 (kuànggǔ)
絕代／绝代 (juédài) (literary)
遠古／远古 (yuǎngǔ)
邃古 (suìgǔ)

Derived terms

上古史 (shànggǔshǐ)
上古日語／上古日语 (shànggǔrìyǔ)
上古漢語／上古汉语 (shànggǔ hànyǔ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
上	古
じょう Grade: 1	こ Grade: 2
goon	kan’on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じょーこ [jóꜜòkò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo̞ːko̞]

Noun

上(じょう)古(こ) • (jōko) ^{←じやうこ (zyauko)^?}

the distant past, ancient times
Coordinate terms: 中古 (chūko), 近古 (kinko)

References

Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
上	古

Noun

上古 • (sanggo) (hangeul 상고)

Hanja form^? of 상고 (“the distant past, ancient times”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
上	古

Noun

上古

chữ Hán form of thượng cổ (“ancient times”).

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