耕

耕	U+8015, 耕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8015

← 耔
[U+8014]

CJK Unified Ideographs

耖 →
[U+8016]

Translingual

Han character

耕 (Kangxi radical 127, 耒+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手木廿廿 (QDTT), four-corner 5590₀, composition ⿰耒井)

Derived characters

𦷂, 𮋫, 𮅰

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 962, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28907
Dae Jaweon: page 1410, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2770, character 10
Unihan data for U+8015

Chinese

trad.		耕
simp. ^#		耕
alternative forms		畊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 耕
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (井) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
硎	kʰreːŋ, ɡeːŋ
耕	*kreːŋ
荊	*keŋ
井	*skeŋʔ
丼	kl'oːmʔ, skeŋʔ
妌	*sɡeŋʔ
穽	sɡeŋʔ, sɡeŋs
阱	sɡeŋʔ, sɡeŋs
汫	*sɡeːŋʔ
刑	*ɡeːŋ
形	*ɡeːŋ
邢	*ɡeːŋ
鉶	*ɡeːŋ
型	*ɡeːŋ
侀	*ɡeːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːŋ) : semantic 耒 (“tilling tool”) + phonetic 井 (OC *skeŋʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gēng (geng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄥ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gen¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaang¹, gang¹
Gan (Wiktionary): gang¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kâng

(Meixian, Guangdong): gang¹
Jin (Wiktionary): geng¹ / jing¹
Northern Min (KCR): gáing
Eastern Min (BUC): gĕng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): keng / kng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gên¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹kan; ¹ken
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gen¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: geng
  - Wade–Giles: kêng¹
  - Yale: gēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geng
  - Palladius: гэн (gɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: gen¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaang¹, gang¹
  - Yale: gāang, gāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaang¹, gang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gang¹, geng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːŋ⁵⁵/, /kɐŋ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: gang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâng
  - Hakka Romanization System: gang´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kaŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kaŋ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: geng¹ / jing¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kə̃ŋ¹¹/, /t͡ɕĩŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gáing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaiŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
  - Tâi-lô: king
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng
  - Tâi-lô: kng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gên¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kẽ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹kan; ¹ken
  - MiniDict: kan^平; ken^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kan; ¹ken
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kã⁵³/, /kən⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 耕
Mandarin	Beijing	/kəŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ /kəŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kəŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/kəŋ²¹³/ /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/kəŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kəŋ²¹/
	Xining	/kə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kəŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/kə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/kɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/kən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/kən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ken⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/kə̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/kən³¹/
	Hefei	/kən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kəŋ¹¹/ 農～ /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/ ～地
	Pingyao	/kəŋ¹³/ /t͡ɕie̞¹³/ ～地
	Hohhot	/kə̃ŋ³¹/ 春～ /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/ ～地
Wu	Shanghai	/kəŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/kən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ken³³/
	Wenzhou	/kiɛ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʌ̃³¹/ /kɛ³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kən³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɑŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kaŋ⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɐŋ⁵³/ /kaŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/kaŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kaŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kiŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kɛiŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kaiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kẽ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/keŋ²³/ /kɔŋ²³/ /kɛ²³/

Middle Chinese: keang

Rime
Character	耕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古莖切
Baxter	keang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/kɛŋ/
Wang Li	/kæŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤ<r>eŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kreːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	耕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gēng
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁ<r>eŋ/
English	plow (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	耕
Reading #	1/1
No.	6850
Phonetic component	井
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	耕
Old Chinese	/*kreːŋ/

Definitions

耕

(literal) to plow; to till
(figurative) to undertake; to work
筆耕／笔耕 ― bǐgēng ― to engage in writing

Synonyms

(to plow):

作 (Hokkien, Teochew)
犁 (lí)
穓 (yì) (literary)
耕作 (gēngzuò)
耕地 (gēngdì)
農耕／农耕 (nónggēng)

Compounds

中耕
代耕
休耕 (xiūgēng)
備耕／备耕 (bèigēng)
傭耕／佣耕
刀耕火種／刀耕火种 (dāogēnghuǒzhòng)
刀耕火耨
可耕地 (kěgēngdì)
套耕
女織男耕／女织男耕
寒耕暑耘
寒耕熱耘／寒耕热耘
廢耕／废耕
廣耕／广耕
心織筆耕／心织笔耕
春耕 (chūngēng)
歸耕／归耕
水耕
水耕栽培 (shǔigēng zāipéi)
水耕法
水耕蔬菜
深耕 (shēngēng)
深耕易耨
游耕
火耕
火耕水種／火耕水种
火耕水耨
火耕流種／火耕流种
火耨刀耕
男耕女織／男耕女织 (nángēngnǚzhī)
目耕
硯耕／砚耕
礫耕栽培／砾耕栽培
秋耕
筆耕／笔耕 (bǐgēng)
筆耕墨耘／笔耕墨耘
等高耕作
築室反耕／筑室反耕
精耕
精耕細作／精耕细作
耕九餘三／耕九余三
耕作 (gēngzuò)
耕具 (gēngjù)
耕前耡後／耕前锄后
耕地 (gēngdì)
耕地放領／耕地放领
耕墾／耕垦
耕夫
耕寬／耕宽
耕御路
耕戶／耕户
耕牛 (gēngniú)
耕牧
耕犁
耕田 (gēngtián)
耕畜 (gēngchù)
耕當問奴／耕当问奴
耕種／耕种 (gēngzhòng)
耕稼
耕織／耕织
耕者
耕耘 (gēngyún)
耕耘機／耕耘机 (gēngyúnjī)
耕耨
耕讀／耕读
耕讀傳家／耕读传家
耕鋤／耕锄
耦耕
自耕農／自耕农
舌耕 (shégēng)
親耕／亲耕
谷口耕岩
躬耕 (gōnggēng)
躬耕樂道／躬耕乐道
輟耕壟上／辍耕垄上
輟耕錄／辍耕录
農耕／农耕 (nónggēng)
農耕隊／农耕队
鑿飲耕食／凿饮耕食
默默耕耘

References

“耕”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	耕
Kyūjitai [1]	耕󠄁 耕+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	耕󠄃 耕+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

耕

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

cultivation land
to plow; to till

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: たがやす (tagayasu, 耕す, Jōyō)
Nanori: おさむ (osamu); たがやす (tagayasu); つとむ (tsutomu); やす (yasu)

References

Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1726 (paper), page 915 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

耕 (eumhun 밭갈 경 (batgal gyeong))

Hanja form^? of 경 (“plow, cultivate”).

Vietnamese

Han character

耕: Hán Nôm readings: canh

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[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1726 (paper), page 915 (digital)