竟

竟	U+7ADF, 竟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7ADF

← 竞
[U+7ADE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

章 →
[U+7AE0]

See also: 竞

Translingual

Han character

竟 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿日竹山 (YTAHU), four-corner 0021₆, composition ⿱音儿)

Derived characters

傹境摬樈滰獍璄鏡竸𧫙

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 871, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25757
Dae Jaweon: page 1301, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2710, character 1
Unihan data for U+7ADF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		竟
alternative forms		傹 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竟
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
滰	*ɡaŋʔ
境	*kraŋʔ
竟	*kraŋs
鏡	*kraŋs
獍	*kraŋs
樈	*ɡraŋ
璄	*qraŋʔ
摬	*qraŋʔ

According to Shuowen, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 音 (“sound”) + 儿 (“man”) - a man has spoken.

Etymology

Cognate with 境 (OC *kraŋʔ, “boundary”) (Schuelsser, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴
  - Yale: jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging²
  - Yale: gíng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: kjaengH

Rime
Character	竟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居慶切
Baxter	kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	竟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]raŋʔ-s/
English	end, in the end
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	竟
Reading #	1/1
No.	6869
Phonetic component	竟
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	敬
Old Chinese	/*kraŋs/

Definitions

竟

to finish; to end (literary)
finally; after all; at last (literary)
unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly
whole; entire

Synonyms

(unexpectedly):

先勿先 (Wu)
出乎意料地 (chūhūyìliào de)
居然 (jūrán)
煞 (Hokkien)
硬敢 (Liuzhou)
竟然 (jìngrán)

Dialectal synonyms of 居然 (“unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		居然, 竟然, 竟
Mandarin	Taiwan	居然, 竟然
	Liuzhou	敢, 硬敢
	Yangzhou	居然
	Singapore	竟然
Cantonese	Guangzhou	竟然
Cantonese	Hong Kong	竟然, 居然, 竟然間
Southern Min	Xiamen	煞, 竟然
	Quanzhou	煞, 竟然
	Zhangzhou	煞, 竟然
	Tainan	煞, 竟然
Wu	Shanghai	居然, 竟然, 竟, 先勿先

Compounds

一探究竟
一竟
探個究竟／探个究竟
有志者事竟成 (yǒu zhì zhě shì jìng chéng)
有志竟成
未竟之志
歐陽竟無／欧阳竟无
畢竟／毕竟 (bìjìng)
看個究竟／看个究竟
究竟 (jiūjìng)
窮源竟委／穷源竟委
窮竟／穷竟
終竟／终竟
考竟
芳蘭竟體／芳兰竟体
難竟全功／难竟全功
竟坐
竟夕 (jìngxī)
竟夜 (jìngyè)
竟天
竟敢 (jìnggǎn)
竟日 (jìngrì)
竟是 (jìngshì)
竟會／竟会
竟然 (jìngrán)
竟爾／竟尔
竟陵八友
竟陵體／竟陵体

Japanese

Kanji

竟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

end; final

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)
Kan-on: けい (kei)
Kun: おわる (owaru, 竟わる); わたる (wataru, 竟る); ついに (tsuini, 竟に)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
竟
つい Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 竟 – see the following entry.

【終つい】3

[noun] end, conclusion

[noun] end-of-life, death

Alternative spelling
遂

(This term, 竟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

竟 (eumhun 다할 경 (dahal gyeong))

Hanja form^? of 경 (“exhaust, end”).

Vietnamese

Han character

竟: Hán Nôm readings: cánh, cạnh, giạnh

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