砧

See also: 碪
砧 U+7827, 砧
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7827
← 砦
[U+7826] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 砨 →
[U+7828]

Translingual

Han character

砧 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一口卜口 (MRYR), four-corner 11660, composition ⿰石占)

Derived characters
  • 𬊲

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 828, character 43
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24099
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1243, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2423, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7827

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 砧
alternative forms 碪／砧
椹

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 砧
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
頕 *taːm
煔 *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶 *ɦlaːm
詀 *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站 *rteːms
檆 *sreːm
黏 *nem
粘 *nem
枮 *slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑 *tem
沾 *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘 *tems, *tʰem
鉆 *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占 *ʔljem, *tjems
颭 *tjemʔ
佔 *tjems, *teːm
苫 *hljem, *hljems
痁 *hljem, *teːms
蛅 *njem
阽 *lem
敁 *teːm
掂 *tiːm
點 *teːmʔ
玷 *teːmʔ, *teːms
店 *tiːms
坫 *tiːms, *tim
黇 *tʰeːm
扂 *deːmʔ
拈 *neːm
鮎 *neːm
砧 *ʔl'ɯm
笘 *teːb
跕 *teːb, *tʰeːb
貼 *tʰeːb
帖 *tʰeːb
怗 *tʰeːb
呫 *tʰeːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'ɯm) : semantic 石 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tĭng - literary;
  • dōng - vernacular.
Rime
Character 砧
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 知林切
Baxter trim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈjim/
Li
Rong		 /ȶjəm/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zam1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 砧
Reading # 1/1
No. 16734
Phonetic
component		 占
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 碪
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔl'ɯm/
Notes 同碪見漢賦

Definitions

砧

  1. base for beating or chopping
    1. stone base for beating clothes
    2. anvil
    3. base for cutting or lethal sentence
  2. base in general
  3. (Hakka) to hold one's hands in closed fists and to strike with phalanx

Synonyms

Compounds
  • 中間砧木／中间砧木
  • 寒砧
  • 砧上之肉
  • 砧刀
  • 砧子 (zhēnzi)
  • 砧斧
  • 砧木
  • 砧杆
  • 砧板 (zhēnbǎn)
  • 砧杵
  • 砧聲／砧声
  • 砧鑕／砧锧
  • 砧頭／砧头
  • 砧骨 (zhēngǔ)
  • 稿砧
  • 鋼砧／钢砧
  • 鐵砧／铁砧 (tiězhēn)

Japanese

Kanji
砧

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

砧 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, Yale chim)

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Vietnamese

Han character

砧: Hán Nôm readings: châm

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Readings
  • Nôm: châm

References
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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