率性

Chinese

		to lead; command; rate to lead; command; rate; frequency	sex; nature; suffix corresponding to ‑ness or ‑ity
simp. and trad. (率性)		率	性

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shuàixìng

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): seot¹ sing³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soài-sèng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shuàixìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shuàisìng
  - Wade–Giles: shuai⁴-hsing⁴
  - Yale: shwài-syìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuayshinq
  - Palladius: шуайсин (šuajsin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: seot¹ sing³
  - Yale: sēut sing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soet⁷ sing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêd¹ xing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵt̚⁵ sɪŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soài-sèng
  - Tâi-lô: suài-sìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soaesexng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /suai²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /suai²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /suai¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /suai²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: srwit sjengH

Rime
Character	率	性
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	諄 (52)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	所律切	息正切
Baxter	srwit	sjengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃiuɪt̚/	/siᴇŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃʷit̚/	/siɛŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃjuet̚/	/siæŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂwit̚/	/siajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ʃiuĕt̚/	/siɛŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ʃĭuĕt̚/	/sĭɛŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂi̯uĕt̚/	/si̯ɛŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shuai	xìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seot¹	sing³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-rut seŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*srud sleŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	率	性
Reading #	4/4	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shuài	xìng
Middle Chinese	‹ srwit ›	‹ sjeng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s-rut/	/*seŋ-s/
English	follow, go along	nature
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	率	性
Reading #	3/3	1/1
No.	8608	11358
Phonetic component	率	生
Rime group	物	耕
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	率	性
Old Chinese	/*srud/	/*sleŋs/
Notes	原列質韻

Verb

率性

(Classical) to act according to one's nature; to follow one's nature
- 天命之謂性，率性之謂道，修道之謂教。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天命之谓性，率性之谓道，修道之谓教。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Tiānmìng zhī wèi xìng, shuàixìng zhī wèi dào, xiūdào zhī wèi jiào. [Pinyin]
  What Heaven has conferred is called The Nature; an accordance with this nature is called The Path of duty; the regulation of this path is called Instruction.
- 率性而行謂之道，得其天性謂之德。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  率性而行谓之道，得其天性谓之德。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Huainanzi, 2^nd century BCE
  Shuàixìng ér xíng wèi zhī dào, dé qí tiānxìng wèi zhī dé. [Pinyin]
  The Tao means acting in accordance with one's nature, and the Te refers to the attainment of the nature that is truly natural.

Adjective

率性

willful; headstrong; self-willed

Synonyms

任性 (rènxìng)
(Hokkien) 使性, 似汰, 食癖

Adverb

率性

might as well; simply; just

Synonyms

(might as well):

不妨 (bùfáng)
乾脆／干脆 (gāncuì)
以莫 (i³ mo) (Xiang)
勿妨 (⁶veq₈-faon) (Wu)
印信 (Hokkien)
左莫 (zo³ mo) (Xiang)
索性
巡經／巡经 (sen² jin¹) (Xiang)

Noun

率性

(literary) one's nature; disposition

Synonyms

(one's nature):

天性 (tiānxìng)
常性 (chángxìng)
性地 (xìngdì) (literary or Min Nan)
性子 (xìngzi)
性情 (xìngqíng)
情性 (qíngxìng) (literary)
本性 (běnxìng)
本質／本质 (běnzhì)
氣性／气性
理 (lǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
癖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
癖鼻 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
秉性 (bǐngxìng)
稟性／禀性 (bǐngxìng)
稟氣／禀气 (bǐngqì) (literary)
素性 (sùxìng)
脾氣／脾气
腸子／肠子 (chángzi) (figurative)
量草 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)

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