淘汰

Chinese
 
cleanse; eliminate; to clean out
cleanse; eliminate; to clean out; to wash
 to discard; to eliminate; too
simp. and trad.
(淘汰)		 淘 汰
alternative forms 洮汰

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 汰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他蓋切
Baxter thajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰajH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰɑiH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 taai3

Verb

淘汰

  1. (literal) to rinse; to wash away
  2. (figurative) to eliminate (something bad or unsuitable); to weed out; to make (something) fall into disuse
    加速淘汰  ―  jiāsù táotài  ―  to hasten elimination
  3. (sports) to eliminate (a team or player); to knock out

Synonyms
  • (to eliminate):

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (淘汰):
  • → Japanese: 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta)
  • → Korean: 도태(淘汰) (dotae)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
淘 汰
とう
Hyōgaiji		 た
Grade: S
kan’on kan’yōon
Alternative spelling
洮汰

Etymology

/tau ta/ → /tɔːta/ → /toːta/

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 淘汰 (táotài).

Equivalent to a compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 淘 (tō, “wash in sieve”) +‎ 汰 (ta, “scour”).

Pronunciation

Noun

淘(とう)汰(た) • (tōta) ←たうた (tauta)?

  1. a culling out, weeding out
  2. (especially in biology) a selection
    Synonym: 選択 (sentaku)

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 淘(とう)汰(た)圧(あつ) (tōtātsu, “selection pressure”)
  • 淘(とう)汰(た)盤(ばん) (tōtaban)
  • 群(ぐん)淘(とう)汰(た) (guntōta)
  • 血(けつ)縁(えん)淘(とう)汰(た) (ketsuen tōta)
  • 自(し)然(ぜん)淘(とう)汰(た) (shizen tōta)
  • 雌(し)雄(ゆう)淘(とう)汰(た) (shiyū tōta)
  • 社(しゃ)会(かい)淘(とう)汰(た) (shakai tōta)
  • 人(じん)為(い)淘(とう)汰(た) (jin'i tōta)
  • 性(せい)淘(とう)汰(た) (seitōta)

Verb

淘(とう)汰(た)する • (tōta suru) ←たうた (tauta)?transitive suru (stem 淘(とう)汰(た)し (tōta shi), past 淘(とう)汰(た)した (tōta shita))

  1. to cull out, weed out

Conjugation
Conjugation of "淘汰する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 淘汰し とうたし tōta shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 淘汰し とうたし tōta shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 淘汰する とうたする tōta suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 淘汰する とうたする tōta suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 淘汰すれ とうたすれ tōta sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 淘汰せよ¹
淘汰しろ²		 とうたせよ¹
とうたしろ²		 tōta seyo¹
tōta shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 淘汰される とうたされる tōta sareru
Causative 淘汰させる
淘汰さす		 とうたさせる
とうたさす		 tōta saseru
tōta sasu
Potential 淘汰できる とうたできる tōta dekiru
Volitional 淘汰しよう とうたしよう tōta shiyō
Negative 淘汰しない とうたしない tōta shinai
Negative continuative 淘汰せず とうたせず tōta sezu
Formal 淘汰します とうたします tōta shimasu
Perfective 淘汰した とうたした tōta shita
Conjunctive 淘汰して とうたして tōta shite
Hypothetical conditional 淘汰すれば とうたすれば tōta sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

See also

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  1. 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean
Hanja in this term
淘汰

Noun

淘汰 • (dotae) (hangeul 도태)

  1. Hanja form? of 도태 (“a culling out, weeding out”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
淘汰

Verb

淘汰

  1. chữ Hán form of đào thải (“to purge; to get rid of”).
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