時間
See also: 时间
Chinese
o'clock; time; when o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period |
interstice; separate; between interstice; separate; between; among; space; (measure word) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (時間) | 時 | 間 | |
| simp. (时间) | 时 | 间 | |
Etymology
For the modern sense of “time” (as opposed to “space”), reborrowed from Japanese 時間 (jikan, “time”).
Pronunciation
Noun
時間
- (uncountable) time (the inevitable passing of events from future to present then past)
- 愛惜時間／爱惜时间 ― àixī shíjiān ― to treasure time
- 浪費時間／浪费时间 ― làngfèi shíjiān ― to waste time
- 打發時間／打发时间 ― dǎfa shíjiān ― to kill time
- 合理支配時間／合理支配时间 ― hélǐ zhīpèi shíjiān ― to manage time reasonably; reasonable time management
- 時間不等人。／时间不等人。 ― Shíjiān bù děngrén. ― Time waits for no one.
- 時間催人老。／时间催人老。 ― Shíjiān cuī rén lǎo. ― Time ages us.
- 時間還來得及。／时间还来得及。 ― Shíjiān hái láidejí. ― All in good time.
- 抓緊時間！／抓紧时间！ ― Zhuājǐn shíjiān! ― Get a move on!
- (countable) time (a measurement of a quantity of time; a numerical indication of a length of time) (Classifier: 段 m)
- a point in time
- (uncountable) free time; leisure; spare time
Synonyms
Derived terms
- 北京時間／北京时间 (Běijīng Shíjiān)
- 抽時間／抽时间 (chōu shíjiān)
- 挨時間／挨时间 (ái shíjiān)
- 春天後母面，欲變一時間／春天后母面，欲变一时间 (chhun-thiⁿ āu-bú bīn, beh piàn chi̍t sî-kan) (Min Nan)
- 時間囊／时间囊 (shíjiānnáng)
- 時間差／时间差 (shíjiānchā)
- 時間序列／时间序列 (shíjiān xùliè)
- 時間性／时间性 (shíjiānxìng)
- 時間戳／时间戳 (shíjiānchuō)
- 時間管理／时间管理 (shíjiān guǎnlǐ)
- 時間能治癒一切創傷／时间能治愈一切创伤
- 時間膠囊／时间胶囊 (shíjiān jiāonáng)
- 時間表／时间表 (shíjiānbiǎo)
- 時間複雜度／时间复杂度 (shíjiān fùzádù)
- 時間詞／时间词 (shíjiāncí)
- 時間軸／时间轴 (shíjiānzhóu)
- 時間點／时间点 (shíjiāndiǎn)
- 本地時間／本地时间 (běndì shíjiān)
- 標準時間／标准时间 (biāozhǔn shíjiān)
- 殺時間／杀时间 (shā shíjiān)
- 營業時間／营业时间 (yíngyè shíjiān)
- 當地時間／当地时间 (dāngdì shíjiān)
- 社會必要勞動時間／社会必要劳动时间 (shèhuì bìyāo láodòng shíjiān)
- 第一時間／第一时间 (dì-yī shíjiān)
- 趕時間／赶时间 (gǎn shíjiān)
- 開放時間／开放时间 (kāifàng shíjiān)
- 黃金時間／黄金时间 (huángjīn shíjiān)
Further reading
- “Entry #6050”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 時 | 間 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
かん Grade: 2 |
| goon | kan’on |
Probably originally borrowed from Middle Chinese compound 時間 (dzyi kɛn, literally “time interval”). Repurposed in the early Meiji period as a translation of the western term time in relation to philosophy in the 1881 publication of 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Philosophy Dictionary”) compiled by Inoue Tetsujirō.[1][2] The meaning "hour" can be analyzed as a compound of 時 (-ji, “o'clock”) + 間 (-kan, time interval suffix). Compare other terms formed with the suffix 間 (-kan) like 三分間 (sanpunkan) and 三日間 (mikkakan).
The reading is a mix of the goon reading ji and the kan'on reading kan, suggesting either that the reading changed after borrowing (from the expected goon pronunciation of jiken or the expected kan'on pronunciation of shikan), or that this term was independently coined in Japanese after the constituent terms 時 (ji) and 間 (kan) were borrowed.
Alternative forms
- (honorific) お時間 (o-jikan)
Noun
時間 • (jikan)
- time
- 時間はありますか？
- Jikan wa arimasu ka?
- Do you have any time?
- 時間はいつでも大丈夫です。
- Jikan wa itsu de mo daijōbu desu.
- Any time works for me.
- (literally, “As for time, whenever is fine.”)
- もうこんな時間！
- Mō konna jikan!
- My, will you look at the time!
- (literally, “[it's] already this sort of time!”)
- 時間にルーズ
- jikan ni rūzu
- never on time
- (literally, “lax about time”)
- 時間と空間の関係
- jikan to kūkan no kankei
- the relationship between time and space
- 時間はありますか？
- hour
- 1時間は 60分です。
- Ichi-jikan wa rokujippun desu.
- One hour is 60 minutes.
- 1時間は 60分です。
- the hours or time when something happens
- 試験時間に遅れた
- shiken jikan ni okureta
- was late for the exam
- (literally, “late to the time of the exam”)
- 営業時間は月火水、午前 ９時から午後 ２時までです。
- Eigyō jikan wa getsu-ka-sui, gozen ku-ji kara gogo ni-ji made desu.
- Business hours are Monday to Wednesday, 9 AM to 2 PM.
- 開館時間
- kaikan jikan
- hours of operation
- 時間です！
- Jikan desu!
- Time's up!
- (literally, “It's time!”)
- 閉園の時間です！
- Heien no jikan desu!
- We're closing now!
- (literally, “It's time for our closing!”)
- あまり時間がなくてすみません
- amari jikan ga nakute sumimasen
- sorry for not having the time [to do something]
- 2002 July 27, Mashiba, Shin, “第壱夜 下リ階段 [Night 1: Downward Stairway]”, in [夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん) ([夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん)) [The Dream-Eating Inspector], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Square Enix, page 21:
- 目覚めの時間だ
- Mezame no jikan da
- It’s time to wake up
- 目覚めの時間だ
- 試験時間に遅れた
Usage notes
The more general word for time, as in "when something happens", is 時 (toki).
- 海辺に行った時
- umibe ni itta toki
- the time I went to the beach, when I went to the beach
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 時間切れ (jikangire): out of time, past the deadline
- 時間帯 (jikantai): time zone; time slot (such as for a TV program)
- 時間つぶし (jikan tsubushi): wasting time; killing time
- 時間割 (jikanwari): timetable
- 営業時間 (eigyō jikan): business hours
- 所要時間 (shoyō jikan): required time
See also
Counter
時間 • (-jikan)
- an hour-long period
- 一時間、二時間、五時間半
- ichi-jikan, ni-jikan, go-jikan han
- one hour, two hours, five and a half hours
- 何時間もかかりそうです。
- Nan-jikan mo kakari sō desu.
- Apparently it will take many hours.
- 一時間、二時間、五時間半
See also
| Japanese number-counter combinations for 時間 (jikan) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 一時間 (ichijikan) | 二時間 (nijikan) | 三時間 (sanjikan) | 四時間 (yojikan) | 五時間 (gojikan) |
| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 六時間 (rokujikan) | 七時間 (shichijikan) 七時間 (nanajikan) |
八時間 (hachijikan) | 九時間 (kujikan) | 十時間 (jūjikan) |
| 100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | How many? | |
| 百時間 (hyakujikan) | 千時間 (senjikan) | 一万時間 (ichimanjikan) | 何時間 (nanjikan) | |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 時 | 間 |
| じ > ち Grade: 2 |
かん Grade: 2 |
| irregular | kan’on |
Pronunciation shift to a devoiced initial consonant in certain dialects.
/d͡ʑikaɴ/ → /t͡ɕikaɴ/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t͡ɕikã̠ɴ]
Noun
時間 • (chikan)
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy], University of Tokyo, page 93
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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