安土重遷

See also: 安土重迁

Chinese

		content; calm; still content; calm; still; quiet; to pacify; peace; how	earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian	heavy; serious; to double heavy; serious; to double; to repeat; repetition; iteration; again; a layer	to move; to shift
trad. (安土重遷)		安	土	重	遷
simp. (安土重迁)		安	土	重	迁

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): āntǔzhòngqiān

(Zhuyin): ㄢㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): on¹ tou² zung⁶ cin¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ôn-thú-chhung-chhiên

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: āntǔzhòngqiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄢㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: antǔjhòngcian
  - Wade–Giles: an¹-tʻu³-chung⁴-chʻien¹
  - Yale: ān-tǔ-jùng-chyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: antuujonqchian
  - Palladius: аньтучжунцянь (anʹtučžuncjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: on¹ tou² zung⁶ cin¹
  - Yale: ōn tóu juhng chīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: on¹ tou² dzung⁶ tsin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: on¹ tou² zung⁶ qin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːn⁵⁵ tʰou̯³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²² t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ôn-thú-chhung-chhiên
  - Hakka Romanization System: on´ tu` cung qien´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: on¹ tu³ cung⁴ qian¹
  - Sinological IPA: /on²⁴ tʰu³¹ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯en²⁴/

Middle Chinese: 'an thuX drjowngH tshjen

Rime
Character	安	土	重	遷
Reading #	1/1	1/2	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	透 (6)	澄 (11)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	模 (23)	鍾 (7)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	III	III
Fanqie	烏寒切	他魯切	柱用切	七然切
Baxter	'an	thuX	drjowngH	tshjen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑn/	/tʰuo^X/	/ɖɨoŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑn/	/tʰuo^X/	/ɖioŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑn/	/tʰo^X/	/ȡioŋ^H/	/t͡sʰjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔan/	/tʰɔ^X/	/ɖuawŋ^H/	/t͡sʰian/
Li Rong	/ʔɑn/	/tʰo^X/	/ȡioŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiɛn/
Wang Li	/ɑn/	/tʰu^X/	/ȡĭwoŋ^H/	/t͡sʰĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑn/	/tʰuo^X/	/ȡʱi̯woŋ^H/	/t͡sʰi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ān	tǔ	zhòng	qiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	on¹	tou²	zung⁶	cin¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]ˤa[n] tʰˤaʔ N-t<r>oŋʔ-s [tsʰ]ar/

(Zhengzhang): /*qaːn l̥ʰaːʔ doŋs sʰen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	安	土	重	遷
Reading #	1/3	1/1	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ān	tǔ	zhòng	qiān
Middle Chinese	‹ 'an ›	‹ thu^X ›	‹ drjowng^H ›	‹ tshjen ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/	/*tʰˁaʔ/	/*N-t<r>oŋʔ-s/	/*[tsʰ]ar/
English	peace(ful)	earth	weight (n.)	move (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	安	土	重	遷
Reading #	1/1	1/2	3/3	1/1
No.	11	12499	17463	10233
Phonetic component	安	土	重	遷
Rime group	元	魚	東	元
Rime subdivision	1	0	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	安	土	重	遷
Old Chinese	/*qaːn/	/*l̥ʰaːʔ/	/*doŋs/	/*sʰen/
Notes				說文上從囟聲

Idiom

安土重遷

to hate to leave one's native land or where one has lived long; to love one's homeland and not wish to leave it
- 安土重遷，黎民之性；骨肉相附，人情所願也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  安土重迁，黎民之性；骨肉相附，人情所愿也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Āntǔzhòngqiān, límín zhī xìng; gǔròu xiàng fù, rénqíng suǒ yuàn yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

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