坤

See also: 堃 and ☷
坤 U+5764, 坤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5764
← 坣
[U+5763] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 坥 →
[U+5765]

Translingual

Han character

坤 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土中田中 (GLWL), four-corner 45106, composition ⿰土申)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4969
  • Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 431, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5764

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 坤
alternative forms 堃

Glyph origin

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 坤
Mandarin Beijing /kʰuən⁵⁵/
Harbin /kʰuən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kʰuən²¹/
Jinan /kʰuẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /kʰuə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kʰuən²⁴/
Xi'an /kʰuẽ²¹/
Xining /kʰuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kʰũn³¹/
Ürümqi /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kʰuən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kʰuən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kʰuen⁵⁵/
Kunming /kʰuə⁴⁴̃/
Nanjing /kʰun³¹/
Hefei /kʰuən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kʰuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /kʰuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /kʰũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kʰuəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /kʰuən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kʰun³³/
Wenzhou /kʰaŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /kʰuʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /kʰuɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kʰuən³³/
Xiangtan /kʰuən³³/
Gan Nanchang /kʰun⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kʰun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kʰun²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰwɐn⁵³/
Nanning /kʰʷɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kʰwɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰuŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xun²³/
Rime
Character 坤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦昆切
Baxter khwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰuən/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰuon/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰwən/
Li
Rong		 /kʰuən/
Wang
Li		 /kʰuən/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 kūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 坤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 kūn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khwon ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[kʰ]ˁu[n]/
English earth (trigram or hexagram)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 坤
Reading # 1/1
No. 7518
Phonetic
component		 坤
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 坤
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰuːn/

Definitions

坤

  1. earth
  2. feminine, female
  3. eighth of the eight trigrams (bagua) used in Taoist cosmology, represented by the symbol ☷
  4. second hexagram of the I Ching, represented by the symbol ䷁

Compounds
  • 乾坤 (qiánkūn)
  • 乾坤一擲／乾坤一掷 (qiánkūnyīzhì)
  • 乾坤再造
  • 坤伶
  • 坤儀／坤仪
  • 坤元
  • 坤厚 (Kūnhòu)
  • 坤宅
  • 坤宮／坤宫
  • 坤寧宮／坤宁宫
  • 坤德
  • 坤戲／坤戏
  • 坤書／坤书
  • 坤書館／坤书馆
  • 坤極／坤极
  • 坤範／坤范
  • 坤維／坤维
  • 坤角
  • 坤軸／坤轴
  • 坤輿／坤舆
  • 坤造
  • 坤靈／坤灵
  • 坤鞋
  • 壺裡乾坤／壶里乾坤
  • 弄乾坤
  • 扭轉乾坤／扭转乾坤 (niǔzhuǎnqiánkūn)
  • 旋乾轉坤／旋乾转坤
  • 旋轉乾坤／旋转乾坤
  • 浪蕩乾坤／放荡乾坤
  • 顛乾倒坤／颠乾倒坤
  • 顛倒乾坤／颠倒乾坤

Japanese

Kanji
坤

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. southwest

Readings

Etymology

未 (hitsuji) +‎ 申 (saru)

Noun

坤(ひつじさる) • (hitsujisaru) 

  1. (obsolete) southwest

Korean

Hanja

坤 (eumhun 땅 곤 (ttang gon))

  1. Hanja form? of 곤 (“earth”).
  2. (곤괘 곤, gongwae-) ☷ or the eighth of the Eight Trigrams, (☰☱☲☳☴☵☶☷ or 팔괘 (八卦, palgwae)) that exactly match with the three-digit binary numbers, counting from 0 to 7. Four (0, 2, 5, 7) out of eight trigrams are placed in the four corners of the flag of South Korea.
  3. (황후 곤, hwanghu-) queen

Antonyms

Synonyms

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

坤: Hán Nôm readings: khôn, khuôn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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