U+553E, 唾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-553E

[U+553D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+553F]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 30, +8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口竹十一 (RHJM), four-corner 62014, composition )

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 194, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3785
  • Dae Jaweon: page 414, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 641, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+553E

Chinese

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *tʰoːls) : semantic + phonetic (OC *djol).

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan; compare Tibetan ཐོ་ལེ (tho le, spit), Burmese တွေး (twe:, spittle) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (6)
Final () (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter thwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰwaH/
Li
Rong
/tʰuɑH/
Wang
Li
/tʰuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
to3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tuò
Middle
Chinese
‹ thwaH ›
Old
Chinese
/*tʰˁoj-s/
English to spit (Sagart & Ma, 2020)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 1661
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tʰoːls/

Definitions

  1. saliva
       tuòxiàn   salivary gland
  2. to spit
  3. to spit at; to spit with contempt
  4. to vomit

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 一唾
  • 不顧而唾不顾而唾
  • 乾嚥唾干咽唾
  • 交唾
  • 交詈聚唾
  • 口唾
  • 咽唾
  • 咳唾
  • 咳唾成珠
  • 咳珠唾玉
  • 唾井
  • 唾取
  • 唾吐
  • 唾噦唾哕
  • 唾地成文
  • 唾壺唾壶 (tuòhú)
  • 唾壺擊缺唾壶击缺
  • 唾壺敲缺唾壶敲缺
  • 唾手
  • 唾手可取
  • 唾手可得 (tuòshǒukědé)
  • 唾掌
  • 唾斥
  • 唾是命
  • 唾棄唾弃 (tuòqì)
  • 唾沫 (tuòmo)
  • 唾沫星
  • 唾沫星子 (tuòmo xīngzi)
  • 唾沫直嚥唾沫直咽
  • 唾津
  • 唾洟
  • 唾津兒唾津儿
  • 唾涕
  • 唾涎
  • 唾液 (tuòyè)
  • 唾液腺 (tuòyèxiàn)
  • 唾玉
  • 唾盂 (tuòyú)
  • 唾視唾视
  • 唾絨唾绒
  • 唾罵唾骂 (tuòmà)
  • 唾耳
  • 唾背
  • 唾腺 (tuòxiàn)
  • 唾辱
  • 唾酒
  • 唾面
  • 唾面自乾唾面自干
  • 唾餘唾余
  • 噀唾
  • 嚥唾咽唾
  • 寶唾宝唾
  • 拾人唾涕
  • 拾人唾餘拾人唾余
  • 拾人涕唾
  • 拾唾餘拾唾余
  • 拾餘唾拾余唾
  • 擊唾壺击唾壶
  • 擊碎唾壺击碎唾壶
  • 棄唾弃唾
  • 欬唾
  • 欬唾成珠
  • 止唾
  • 津唾
  • 涎唾
  • 涕唾
  • 玉唾
  • 玉唾壺玉唾壶
  • 珠唾
  • 珠璣咳唾珠玑咳唾 (zhūjīkétuò)
  • 衉唾
  • 謦唾
  • 銀鉤玉唾银钩玉唾
  • 霧唾雾唾
  • 餘唾余唾
  • 饞唾馋唾

Japanese

See also 唾する

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
つばき
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of now-obsolete verb 唾吐く (tsubaku, to spit, to expectorate), itself from (tsu, saliva) + 吐く (haku, to expel from the mouth: to spit, to vomit, to exhale).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ばき [tsùbákíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝba̠kʲi]

Noun

(つばき) • (tsubaki) 

  1. spit, saliva

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
つば
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Appears to be a shortening of tsubaki above. Alternatively, may be a fusion of tsu below with particle (wa, originally pa in Old Japanese, combining in some cases as ba).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

(つば) • (tsuba) 

  1. spit, saliva

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term

Grade: S
kun’yomi

Appears to be the oldest form.[2] Possibly onomatopoeia.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

() • (tsu) 

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) spit, saliva

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun (chim ta))

  1. Hanja form? of (saliva).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: thóa/thoá

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.