刑罰

See also: 刑罚

Chinese

		punishment	to punish; to penalize
trad. (刑罰)		刑	罰
simp. (刑罚)		刑	罚

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xíngfá

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴ fat⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hìn-fa̍t
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hêng-hoa̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): hêng⁵ huag⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xíngfá
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: síngfá
  - Wade–Giles: hsing²-fa²
  - Yale: syíng-fá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngfar
  - Palladius: синфа (sinfa)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ fä³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing⁴ fat⁶
  - Yale: yìhng faht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ fat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ fed⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ fɐt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hìn-fa̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: hinˇ fad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hin² fad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹ fat̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-hoa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: hîng-hua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: henghoat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² huat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ huat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ huat̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hêng⁵ huag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng hua̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huak̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: heng bjot

Rime
Character	刑	罰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	戸經切	房越切
Baxter	heng	bjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦeŋ/	/bʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦeŋ/	/bʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛŋ/	/biuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛjŋ/	/buat̚/
Li Rong	/ɣeŋ/	/biuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/ɣieŋ/	/bĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣieŋ/	/bʱi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xíng	fá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing⁴	faat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤeŋ [b][a]t/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːŋ bad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刑	罰
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xíng	fá
Middle Chinese	‹ heng ›	‹ bjot ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/	/*[b][a]t/
English	punish(ment)	punish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刑	罰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6861	2865
Phonetic component	井	罰
Rime group	耕	月
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	㓝	伐
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːŋ/	/*bad/

Noun

刑罰

(law) penalty; sentence; punishment
- 凡國失火，野焚萊，則有刑罰焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  凡国失火，野焚莱，则有刑罚焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3^rd century BCE
  Fán guó shīhuǒ, yě fén lái, zé yǒu xíngfá yān. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

(literary, or in compounds) 刑 (xíng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (刑罰):

→ Japanese: 刑罰(けいばつ) (keibatsu)
→ Korean: 형벌(刑罰) (hyeongbeol)
→ Vietnamese: hình phạt (刑罰)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
刑	罰
けい Grade: S	ばつ Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けーばつ [kéꜜèbàtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [ke̞ːba̠t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

刑(けい)罰(ばつ) • (keibatsu)

a penalty
punishment

Synonyms

刑(けい) (kei)
罰(ばつ) (batsu)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
刑	罰

Noun

刑罰 • (hyeongbeol) (hangeul 형벌)

Hanja form^? of 형벌 (“punishment; penalty”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
刑	罰

Noun

刑罰

chữ Hán form of hình phạt (“punishment”).

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