萊

See also: 莱

萊	U+840A, 萊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-840A

← 萉
[U+8409]

CJK Unified Ideographs

萋 →
[U+840B]

Translingual

Han character

萊 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿木人人 (TDOO), four-corner 4490₈, composition ⿱艹來)

Derived characters

𢵭, 𪱉, 𨅼, 𫘗, 𦻣

Related characters

莱 (Simplified Chinese and Japanese shinjitai)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1041, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31262
Dae Jaweon: page 1499, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3230, character 8
Unihan data for U+840A

Chinese

trad.		萊
simp.		莱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 萊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (來) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
來	*m·rɯːɡ
萊	rɯː, rɯːs
淶	*rɯː
徠	rɯː, rɯːs
崍	*rɯː
郲	rɯː, ruːlʔ, *ruːlʔ
騋	*rɯː
猍	*rɯː
鯠	*rɯː
鶆	*rɯː
庲	*rɯː
棶	*rɯː
斄	rɯː, rɯ
逨	rɯː, rɯːs
麳	*rɯː
唻	rɯːʔ, rrɯː
賚	*rɯːs
睞	*rɯːs
勑	*rɯːs
誺	rɯːs, r̥ʰɯ, r̥ʰɯs, r̥ʰɯs
倈	*rɯ
憖	*ŋrɯns
猌	*ŋrɯns
麥	*mrɯːɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lái (lai²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄞˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): loi⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lâi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lái
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lái
  - Wade–Giles: lai²
  - Yale: lái
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lai
  - Palladius: лай (laj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: loi⁴
  - Yale: lòih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: loi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːi̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâi
  - Tâi-lô: lâi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lai²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lai²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lai¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lai²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lai²³/

Middle Chinese: loj, lojH

Rime
Character	萊	萊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	洛哀切	落代切
Baxter	loj	lojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lʌi/	/lʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ləi/	/ləi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɒi/	/lɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləj/	/ləj^H/
Li Rong	/lᴀi/	/lᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/lɒi/	/lɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑ̆i/	/lɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lái	lài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loi⁴	loi⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*rɯː/, /*rɯːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	萊	萊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7599	7616
Phonetic component	來	來
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*rɯː/	/*rɯːs/

Definitions

萊

goosefoot
weed (wild grass)
fallow field
(historical) an ancient Dongyi state conquered by Qi

Compounds

勞斯萊斯／劳斯莱斯 (Láosīláisī)
史萊姆／史莱姆 (shǐláimǔ)
奇萊／奇莱 (Qílái)
好萊塢／好莱坞
寇萊公／寇莱公
撒奇萊雅族／撒奇莱雅族 (sāqíláiyǎzú)
汶萊／汶莱
老萊娛親／老莱娱亲
老萊子／老莱子
膠萊谷地／胶莱谷地
草萊／草莱
萊克多巴胺／莱克多巴胺 (láikèduōbā'àn)
萊公竹／莱公竹
萊卡／莱卡 (láikǎ)
萊因河／莱因河
萊國／莱国 (Láiguó)
萊姆／莱姆 (láimǔ)
萊妻／莱妻
萊姆果／莱姆果
萊姆酒／莱姆酒 (láimǔjiǔ)
萊布尼茨／莱布尼茨 (Láibùnící)
萊彩／莱彩
萊斯庇基／莱斯庇基
萊斯沃斯／莱斯沃斯
萊特兄弟／莱特兄弟
萊索托／莱索托 (Láisuǒtuō)
萊綵北堂／莱彩北堂
萊茵河／莱茵河 (Láiyīn Hé)
萊菔／莱菔 (láifú)
華萊士／华莱士 (Huáláishì)
萊蒙托夫／莱蒙托夫
萊衣／莱衣
萊豬／莱猪 (láizhū)
萊頓／莱顿
葛萊美獎／葛莱美奖
蒿萊／蒿莱
蓬萊／蓬莱 (pénglái)
蓬萊仙境／蓬莱仙境
蓬萊仙島／蓬莱仙岛 (Pénglái Xiāndǎo)
蓬萊宮／蓬莱宫 (Pénglái Gōng)
蓬萊弱水／蓬莱弱水
蓬萊米／蓬莱米 (péngláimǐ)

References

“Query for 萊”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	莱
Kyūjitai	萊

Kanji

萊

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 莱)

Readings

Go-on: らい (rai)
Kan-on: らい (rai)
Kan’yō-on: り (ri)
Kun: あかざ (akaza, 萊); あわち (awachi, 萊); こうがい (kōgai, 萊)

Compounds

萊(らい)孱(せん) (raisen)
萊(らい)蕪(ぶ) (raibu)
萊(らい)菔(ふく) (raifuku)
草(そう)萊(らい) (sōrai)
蓬(ほう)萊(らい) (Hōrai)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 萊 (MC loj|lojH).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾɛ] ~ [ɾe̞] ~ [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
Phonetic hangul: [래/레/내/네]

Hanja

Wikisource 萊 (eumhun 명아주 래 (myeong'aju rae), South Korea 명아주 내 (myeong'aju nae))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

내무 (萊蕪, naemu)
내백 (萊伯, naebaek)
내복 (萊菔, naebok)
내부 (萊婦, naebu)
내수 (萊藪, naesu)
내의 (萊衣, nae'ui)
내잔 (萊孱, naejan)
내증 (萊蒸, naejeung)
내채 (萊綵, naechae)
내처 (萊妻, naecheo)
봉래 (蓬萊, Bongnae)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005).

Vietnamese

Han character

萊: Hán Nôm readings: lai, lài

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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