兼併

Chinese

		double; twice; simultaneous double; twice; simultaneous; holding two or more (official) posts at the same time	amalgamate; combine
trad. (兼併/兼并)		兼	併/并
simp. (兼并)		兼	并

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiānbìng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄅㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gim¹ bing³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiâm-pin
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiam-pèng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiānbìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄅㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jianbìng
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹-ping⁴
  - Yale: jyān-bìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianbinq
  - Palladius: цзяньбин (czjanʹbin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ piŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gim¹ bing³
  - Yale: gīm bing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gim¹ bing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gim¹ bing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːm⁵⁵ pɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiâm-pin
  - Hakka Romanization System: giam´ bin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giam¹ bin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯am²⁴⁻¹¹ pin⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiam-pèng
  - Tâi-lô: kiam-pìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiampexng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiam³³ piɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiam⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: kem|kemH pjiengX|bengX|pjiengH

Rime
Character	兼	兼	併	併	併
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)	幫 (1)	並 (3)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	添 (157)	添 (157)	清 (121)	青 (125)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV	III	IV	III
Fanqie	古甜切	古念切	必郢切	蒲迥切	畀政切
Baxter	kem	kemH	pjiengX	bengX	pjiengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kem/	/kem^H/	/piᴇŋ^X/	/beŋ^X/	/piᴇŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kem/	/kem^H/	/piɛŋ^X/	/beŋ^X/	/piɛŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛm/	/kɛm^H/	/piæŋ^X/	/bɛŋ^X/	/piæŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛm/	/kɛm^H/	/piajŋ^X/	/bɛjŋ^X/	/piajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kem/	/kem^H/	/piɛŋ^X/	/beŋ^X/	/piɛŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kiem/	/kiem^H/	/pĭɛŋ^X/	/bieŋ^X/	/pĭɛŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kiem/	/kiem^H/	/pi̯ɛŋ^X/	/bʱieŋ^X/	/pi̯ɛŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān	jiàn	bǐng	bìng	bìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gim¹	gim³	bing²	bing⁶	bing³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*keːm|keːms breːŋʔ|breːŋs|peŋʔ|peŋs|beːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	兼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiān
Middle Chinese	‹ kem ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁem/
English	combine; at the same time
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	兼	兼	併	併	併	併	併
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/5	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5
No.	6063	6069	928	929	937	939	960
Phonetic component	兼	兼	并	并	并	并	并
Rime group	談	談	耕	耕	耕	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	2	2	0	0	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	兼	兼	𠊧	𠊧	餅	摒	竝
Old Chinese	/*keːm/	/*keːms/	/*breːŋʔ/	/*breːŋs/	/*peŋʔ/	/*peŋs/	/*beːŋʔ/
Notes		別分紀念切，集韻並	原右作並此爲注內或體	原右作並

Verb

兼併

to annex (territory, a country, etc.)
(finance) to acquire and merge; to amalgamate; to take over (a company); to carry out mergers and acquisitions

Synonyms

(to annex):

併吞／并吞 (bìngtūn)
侵吞 (qīntūn)
包舉／包举 (bāojǔ) (literary)
吞
吞併／吞并 (tūnbìng)
吞噬 (tūnshì) (figurative)

(to acquire and merge):

併購／并购 (bìnggòu)
購併／购并 (gòubìng)

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