中人

Chinese

		middle; centre; within middle; centre; within; among; in; while (doing sth); during; China; Chinese; hit (the mark)	man; person; people
simp. and trad. (中人)		中	人
anagram		人中

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhōngrén

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ jan⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng-ngìn
Eastern Min (BUC): dṳ̆ng-ìng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiong-lâng / tiong-lîn / tiong-jîn

(Teochew, Peng'im): dong¹ nang⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹tson-gnin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhōngrén
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhongrén
  - Wade–Giles: chung¹-jên²
  - Yale: jūng-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jongren
  - Palladius: чжунжэнь (čžunžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung¹ jan⁴
  - Yale: jūng yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng-ngìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´ nginˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹ ngin²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋin¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dṳ̆ng-ìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyŋ⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋiŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong-lâng
  - Tâi-lô: tiong-lâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dionglaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: tiong-lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diongliin
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong-jîn
  - Tâi-lô: tiong-jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diongjiin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dong¹ nang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tong nâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹tson-gnin
  - MiniDict: tson^平 nyin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tson-nyin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

Middle Chinese: trjuwng nyin

Rime
Character	中	人
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟弓切	如鄰切
Baxter	trjuwng	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung¹	jan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ ni[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	中	人
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	center	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	中	人
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	17407	10800
Phonetic component	中	人
Rime group	終	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	中	仁
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/	/*njin/

Noun

中人

middleman; go-between; intermediary; mediator
person of average ability; average person
- 子曰：「中人以上，可以語上也；中人以下，不可以語上也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「中人以上，可以语上也；中人以下，不可以语上也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐyuē: “Zhōngrén yǐshàng, kěyǐ yù shàng yě; zhōngrén yǐxià, bùkěyǐ yù shàng yě.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "To those whose talents are above mediocrity, the highest subjects may be announced. To those who are below mediocrity, the highest subjects may not be announced."
- 材能不及中人，非有仲尼、墨翟之賢，陶朱、猗頓之富。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  材能不及中人，非有仲尼、墨翟之贤，陶朱、猗顿之富。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: late 1st century BCE, Jia Yi (賈誼), On the Crimes of Qin (《過秦論》)
  Cái néng bùjí zhōngrén, fēi yǒu Zhòngní, Mò Dí zhī xián, Táo Zhū, Yī Dùn zhī fù. [Pinyin]
  [His] talent and skills were not above those of the average person. He had neither the wisdom paralleling Confucius or Mozi, nor the resources of a Master Tao Zhu or a Yi Dun.

Synonyms

(middleman):

中介 (zhōngjiè) (chiefly mainland China)
中間人／中间人 (zhōngjiānrén)
九八人 (Hokkien, dated)
代理人 (dàilǐrén)
仲介 (zhòngjiè) (chiefly Taiwan)
伢子 (yázi) (Northeastern Mandarin, Lanyin Mandarin, Jin)
市儈／市侩 (shìkuài) (archaic)
拍空仔 (Singapore Hokkien)
掮客 (qiánkè)
牙人 (yárén) (archaic)
牙儈／牙侩 (yákuài) (archaic)
牙子 (yázi) (archaic)
牙郎 (yáláng) (archaic)
牽仔／牵仔 (Hokkien)
當中人／当中人 (⁵taon-tson-gnin) (Wu)
經紀／经纪 (jīngjì)
經紀人／经纪人 (jīngjìrén)
說合人／说合人 (sueh^4-3 hah⁵ reng¹) (Jin)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (中人):

→ Japanese: 中人(ちゅうにん) (chūnin)
→ Korean: 중인(中人) (jung'in)
→ Vietnamese: trung nhân (中人)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
中	人
ちゅう Grade: 1	にん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɨᵝːɲ̟ĩɴ]

Noun

中(ちゅう)人(にん) • (chūnin)

an age category for differentiating entrance fees, for ages higher than 小人 and lower than 大人.
go-between, mediator

Korean

Hanja in this term
中	人

Noun

中人 • (jung'in) (hangeul 중인)

Hanja form^? of 중인.

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