丞

See also: 氶

丞	U+4E1E, 丞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E1E

← 丝
[U+4E1D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

丟 →
[U+4E1F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丞 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+5, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓水一 (NEM) or 難弓水一 (XNEM), four-corner 1710₃, composition ⿱氶一)

Derived characters

拯, 烝, 巹, 脀

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 78, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40
Dae Jaweon: page 157, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 19, character 8
Unihan data for U+4E1E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		丞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丞

Shang

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j05046

**Small seal script**
s01967

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L33309	L33310	L33311	L33312	L33313	L11084	L11085	L11086
L11087	L11088	L11089	L11090	L11091	L11092	L11093	L11094

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (丞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蒸	*kljɯŋ
烝	kljɯŋ, kljɯŋs
篜	*klɯŋ
脀	*kljɯŋ
拯	*kljɯŋʔ
氶	*kljɯŋʔ
承	*ɡljɯŋ
丞	ɡljɯŋ, ɡljɯŋs
巹	*klɯnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 廾 (“both hands”) + 凵 (“hole”) – to rescue a person from a hole. Compare 承.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chéng (cheng²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng²
  - Yale: chéng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
  - Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing⁴
  - Yale: sìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
  - Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin²
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng
  - Tâi-lô: sîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: seeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zen
  - MiniDict: zen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/

Middle Chinese: dzying, dzyingH

Rime
Character	丞	丞
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	署陵切	常證切
Baxter	dzying	dzyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨŋ/	/d͡ʑɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑɨŋ/	/d͡ʑɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑieŋ/	/d͡ʑieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiŋ/	/d͡ʑiŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ʑiəŋ/	/ʑiəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ʑĭəŋ/	/ʑĭəŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əŋ/	/ʑi̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chéng	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing⁴	sing⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-təŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡljɯŋ/, /*ɡljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丞
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzying ›
Old Chinese	/*m-təŋ/
English	assist
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丞	丞
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1414	1415
Phonetic component	丞	丞
Rime group	蒸	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	承	丞
Old Chinese	/*ɡljɯŋ/	/*ɡljɯŋs/
Notes	拯之初文

Definitions

丞

^† to assist, to aid
(archaic) a low-level assistant to the governor of a county
^† Alternative form of 承
a surname

Compounds

丞相 (chéngxiàng)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhěng (zheng³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cing²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhěng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhěng
  - Wade–Giles: chêng³
  - Yale: jěng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeeng
  - Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cing²
  - Yale: chíng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsing²
  - Guangdong Romanization: qing²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵/

Definitions

丞

^† Original form of 拯 (zhěng, “to rescue”).

Japanese

Kanji

丞

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

to help, to rescue

Readings

Go-on: じょう (jō)
Kan-on: しょう (shō)
Kun: すくう (sukuu, 丞う)^{←すくふ (sukufu, 丞ふ, historical)}; たすける (tasukeru, 丞ける)
Nanori: すけ (suke)

As a variant of 抍:

Go-on: じょう (jō)
Kan-on: じょう (jō)

Korean

Hanja

丞 (eumhun 도울 승 (doul seung))

(archaic) Hanja form^? of 승 (“help”).

Hanja

丞 (eumhun 구원할 증 (guwonhal jeung))

(obsolete) Alternative form of 拯 (“Hanja form^? of 증 (“help”).”)

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丞

Vietnamese

Han character

丞: Hán Việt readings: thừa
丞: Hán Nôm readings: thừa, chẳng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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