thừa

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [tʰɨə˨˩]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [tʰɨə˦˩]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [tʰɨə˨˩]

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Sino-Vietnamese word from 剩. The reading fails to retain the final consonant in Middle Chinese 剩 (zying^H), which seems to be unique to Vietnamese (compare Mandarin 剩 (shèng), Cantonese 剩 (sing⁶, zing⁶), Japanese じょう (jō) and Korean 승 (seung)). The one that does, thặng, only occurs in the word thặng dư or colloquial adjective thượng thặng (“first-degree, top-level”). This failure to retain the final consonant also occurs for thừa below.

Haudricourt (1954) suggested that thừa is a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 餘 (“left over, extra”, SV: dư).[1]

thừa

1. more than needed; left over, redundant, superfluous

   Synonym: dư

   Bỏ đồ thừa trong tủ lạnh.

   Put the leftovers in the fridge.

   Mẹ dặn không có thừa đâu !

   Listen to me! This bears repeating!

   (literally, “What mother's advising you is not redundant!”)

thừa

1. (only in fixed expressions) more than necessarily said

   thừa biết

   to know fully well; to be fully aware; to be the first one to acknowledge; to know, of all people

Sino-Vietnamese word from 乘.

thừa

1. (only in fixed expressions) to take advantage of (an opportunity); to utilise; to avail oneself of

   thừa cơ

   to take one's chance; to take advantage of the current situation

   thừa thế

   to take advantage of the current situation

   thừa thắng

   to victoriously charge onward

Sino-Vietnamese word from 承

thừa

1. to inherit; to receive

thừa

1. (poetry, comics) shō

• khởi (“ki”)
• chuyển (“ten”)
• kết (“ketsu”)/hợp (“gō”)