剩

See also: 剰 and 賸

剩	U+5269, 剩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5269

← 剨
[U+5268]

CJK Unified Ideographs

剪 →
[U+526A]

Translingual

Japanese	剰
Simplified	剩
Traditional	剩

Han character

剩 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹心中弓 (HPLN), four-corner 2290₀, composition ⿰乘刂)

Descendants

剰

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 142, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2109

Dae Jaweon: page 323, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 350, character 10

Unihan data for U+5269

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
乘	ɦljɯŋ, ɦljɯŋs
溗	*ɦljɯŋ
塖	*ɦljɯŋ
騬	*ɦljɯŋ
椉	*ɦljɯŋ
剩	*ɦljɯŋs
嵊	*ɦljɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljɯŋs) : phonetic 乘 (OC *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs) + semantic 刀.

Etymology 1

trad.		剩
simp. ^#		剩
2nd round simp.		⿰生刂
alternative forms		賸剰𪟏𠟇𠝍

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shèng (sheng⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁶, zing⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sēng

(Teochew, Peng'im): sing⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zan; ⁶zen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
  - Wade–Giles: shêng⁴
  - Yale: shèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
  - Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing⁶, zing⁶
  - Yale: sihng, jihng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁶, dzing⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁶, jing⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²²/, /t͡sɪŋ²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn / sēng
  - Tâi-lô: sīn / sīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sin, seng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sin²²/, /siɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹/, /siɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin²²/, /siɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sin³³/, /siɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin³³/, /siɪŋ³³/

Note:

sīn - vernacular;
sēng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sing⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ¹¹/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zan; ⁶zen
  - MiniDict: zan^去; zen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zan; ³zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zã²³/, /zən²³/

Note:

3zan - vernacular;
3zen - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 剩
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂəŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʂəŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ʂəŋ⁵³/ /səŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʂəŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʃəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂəŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ʂə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʂəŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂə̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/sən³⁵/
	Chengdu	/sən¹³/
	Guiyang	/sen²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʂə̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁴/ /ʂən⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʂən⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Hohhot	/sə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zã³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zeŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʌ̃²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂən⁵⁵/ /ʂən¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʂən²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/sən⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʃen⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/seŋ²²/
	Nanning	/t͡seŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/siŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siŋ²²/ /sin²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sɛiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/seiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/siŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/teŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: zyingH

Rime
Character	剩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	實證切
Baxter	zyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiŋ^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭəŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	剩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèng
Middle Chinese	‹ zying^H ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.ləŋ-s/
English	left over
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	剩
Reading #	1/1
No.	1457
Phonetic component	乘
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	乗
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯŋs/
Notes	集韻賸注俗字

Definitions

剩

to be left; to remain
(literary, or in compounds) extra; leftover
a surname: Sheng

Synonyms

(to be left):

伸下 (chhûn-hâ) (Hakka)
剩下 (shèngxià)
剩低 (zing⁶ dai¹) (Cantonese)
殘留／残留 (cánliú)
餘／余
餘下／余下 (yúxià)

Dialectal synonyms of 剩 (“to be left; to remain”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		剩, 剩餘
Mandarin	Taiwan	剩
	Wanrong	剩
	Xi'an	剩
	Guilin	剩
	Nanjing	剩
Cantonese	Guangzhou	剩
Cantonese	Hong Kong	剩
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	伸
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	伸
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	伸
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	伸
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	伸
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	伸
Southern Min	Xiamen	伸
	Quanzhou	偆
	Zhangzhou	伸, 偆
	Manila (Hokkien)	伸
Wu	Shanghai	剩, 挺, 挺剩
	Danyang	剩
	Ningbo	剩

(extra):

冗 (rǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
冗長／冗长 (rǒngzhàng) (archaic)
冗餘／冗余 (rǒngyú)
噠浪／哒浪 (Teochew)
多餘／多余 (duōyú)

Compounds

下剩
人口過剩／人口过剩 (rénkǒu guòshèng)
剩下 (shèngxià)
剩女 (shèngnǚ)
剩水殘山／剩水残山 (shèng shuǐ cán shān)
剩磁 (shèngcí)
剩菜 (shèngcài)
剩頭兒／剩头儿
剩飯／剩饭 (shèngfàn)
剩餘／剩余 (shèngyú)
剩餘價值／剩余价值 (shèngyújiàzhí)
剩魄殘魂／剩魄残魂
所剩無幾／所剩无几 (suǒshèngwújǐ)
武昌剩竹
殘山剩水／残山剩水
殘湯剩飯／残汤剩饭
殘羹剩飯／残羹剩饭 (cángēngshèngfàn)
殘茶剩飯／残茶剩饭
過剩／过剩 (guòshèng)
餘膏剩馥／余膏剩馥

Etymology 2

trad.		剩
simp. ^#		剩

Pronunciation

Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhun

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cun´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun
  - Tâi-lô: tshun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhwn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

Definitions

剩

(Hakka, Hokkien) Alternative form of 伸 (“to be left; to remain”)

Japanese

Shinjitai	剰
Kyūjitai	剩

Kanji

剩

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 剰)

leftover, remainder, residue

Readings

On (unclassified): じょう (jō)

Kun: あまる (amaru, 剩る); あまり (amari, 剩り); あまつさえ (amatsusae, 剩え)

Korean

Hanja

剩 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing)

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

賸 (thặng)[1]

Han character

剩: Hán Việt readings: thặng[1][2][3]

chữ Hán form of thặng (“surplus; remainder”).

Compounds

剩餘 (thặng dư)

References

Trần (2004).
Bonet (1899).
Génibrel (1898).

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[gdhn-1] Trần (2004).

[bonet-2] Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-3] Génibrel (1898).