一人

Chinese
 
one; single; a
one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.)
 man; person; people
simp. and trad.
(一人)		 一 人

Pronunciation

Noun

一人

  1. a person; one person; someone
    這件事並非你一人之力能夠定乾坤的。 [MSC, trad.]
    这件事并非你一人之力能够定乾坤的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiàn shì bìngfēi nǐ yīrén zhī lì nénggòu dìng qiánkūn de. [Pinyin]
    This course of events cannot be determined by you alone.
  2. (historical) emperor

Adverb

一人

  1. by one person; alone
  2. one person each
    一人一個／一人一个  ―  yīrén yīge  ―  one each (literally, “one for each person”)
    你兩個一人少句啦！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你两个一人少句啦！ [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 loeng5 go3 jat1 jan4 siu2 geoi3 laa1! [Jyutping]
    You two, stop quarrelling! (literally, “You two, each speak a sentence less!”)

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (一人):
  • → Japanese: 一人(いちにん) (ichinin)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
一 人
ひと
Grade: 1		 り
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
独り
1人

From Old Japanese.

Derived from 一 (hito, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-ri, counter for persons).

Compare Old Japanese 一人 (pi1dari → hidari).

Pronunciation

Noun

一(ひと)人(り) • (hitori) 

  1. one person
    一人(ひとり)で暮(く)らす ― hitori de kurasu ― to live by oneself (without companions)
    一人(ひとり)カラオケ／ヒトカラ ― hitori karaoke／hitokara ― one-man karaoke session
    一人(ひとり)の時間(じかん)が好(す)きな人(ひと) ― hitori no jikan ga suki na hito ― person who likes their alone time
  2. singleness, singularity
    Synonym: 単独 (tandoku)
  3. one's own efforts or strengths
    Synonyms: 自力 (jiriki), 独力 (dokuryoku)
  4. an unmarried person, single
    Synonym: 独身 (dokushin)
Usage notes
  • Like 二人 (futari), despite its etymology, furigana notations for this word tend not to use mono-ruby by attaching kana to each kanji (一(ひと)人(り)), but group-ruby by attaching all the kana to all the kanji as a whole (一人(ひとり)).
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 一人(ひとり)一人(ひとり) (hitori-hitori), 一人(ひとり)一人(びとり) (hitoribitori)
  • 一人(ひとり)として (hitori to shite)
  • 一人(ひとり)ならず (hitori narazu)
  • 一人(ひとり)も (hitori mo)
  • 一人(ひとり)頭(あたま) (hitoriatama)
  • 一人(ひとり)歩(ある)き (hitoriaruki)
  • 一人(ひとり)親(おや) (hitori oya)
  • 一人(ひとり)親(おや)方(かた) (hitori oyakata)
  • 一人(ひとり)勝(が)ち (hitorigachi)
  • ひとカラ, ヒトカラ (hitokara)
  • 一人(ひとり)狂言(きょうげん) (hitori-kyōgen)
  • 一人(ひとり)口(ぐち) (hitoriguchi)
  • 一人(ひとり)暮(ぐら)し, 一人(ひとり)暮(ぐ)らし (hitori-gurashi)
  • 一人(ひとり)っ子(こ) (hitorikko)
  • 一人(ひとり)言(ごと) (hitorigoto)
  • 一人(ひとり)御(ご)飯(はん) (hitori gohan)
  • 一人(ひとり)時(じ)間(かん)差(さ)攻撃(こうげき) (hitori jikan-sa kōgeki), 一人(ひとり)時(じ)間(かん)差(さ) (hitori jikan-sa)
  • 一人(ヒトリ)静(シズカ) (hitorishizuka)
  • 一人(ひとり)芝(しば)居(い) (hitori-shibai)
  • 一人(ひとり)占(じ)め (hitorijime)
  • 一人(ひとり)過(す)ぎ (hitorisugi)
  • 一人(ひとり)相撲(ずもう) (hitorizumō)
  • 一人(ひとり)旅(たび) (hitoritabi)
  • 一人(ひとり)天(てん)下(か) (hitori tenka), 一人(ひとり)天下(でんか) (hitori-denka)
  • 一人(ひとり)食(ば)み (hitoribami)
  • 一人(ひとり)負(ま)け (hitorimake)
  • 一人(ひとり)腹(ばら) (hitoribara)
  • 一人(ひとり)前(まえ) (hitorimae)
  • 一人(ひとり)武(む)者(しゃ) (hitorimusha)
  • 一人(ひとり)息子(むすこ) (hitori musuko)
  • 一人(ひとり)娘(むすめ) (hitori musume)
  • 一人(ひとり)八(や)百(お)長(ちょう) (hitori yaochō)
  • 御(お)一人(ひとり)様(さま) (o-hitori-sama)
  • 最(さい)初(しょ)の一人(ひとり) (Saisho no Hitori)
  • 誰(だれ)一人(ひとり) (dare hitori), 誰(たれ)一人(ひとり) (tare hitori)
  • 人(ひと)っ子(こ)一人(ひとり) (hitokko hitori)
Idioms
  • 小(こ)姑(じゅうと)一人(ひとり)は鬼(おに)千(せん)匹(びき)にむかう (kojūto hitori wa oni senbiki ni mukau)
  • 鯛(たい)も一人(ひとり)はうまからず (tai mo hitori wa umakarazu)
  • 斗(と)南(なん)の一人(ひとり) (tonan no hitori)
Proverbs
  • 娘(むすめ)一人(ひとり)に婿(むこ)八(はち)人(にん) (musume hitori ni muko hachinin)
See also
Japanese number-counter combinations for 人
1 2 3 4 5
一(ひと)人(り) (hitori)
一(いち)人(にん) (ichinin)		 二(ふた)人(り) (futari)
二(に)人(にん) (ninin)		 三(さん)人(にん) (sannin)
三(み)人(たり) (mitari)		 四(よ)人(にん) (yonin)
四(よ)人(たり) (yotari)
四(よっ)人(たり) (yottari)		 五(ご)人(にん) (gonin)
五(いつ)人(たり) (itsutari)
6 7 8 9 10
六(ろく)人(にん) (rokunin)
六(む)人(たり) (mutari)
六(むゆ)人(たり) (muyutari)		 七(しち)人(にん) (shichinin)
七(なな)人(にん) (nananin)
七(なな)人(たり) (nanatari)		 八(はち)人(にん) (hachinin)
八(や)人(たり) (yatari)		 九(く)人(にん) (kunin)
九(きゅう)人(にん) (kyūnin)
九(ここの)人(たり) (kokonotari)		 十(じゅう)人(にん) (jūnin)
十(と)人(たり) (totari)
20 100 1,000 10,000 How many?
二(に)十(じゅう)人(にん) (nijūnin)
廿(にじゅう)人(にん) (nijūnin)
二十(はた)人(たり) (hatatari)
廿(はた)人(たり) (hatatari)		 百(ひゃく)人(にん) (hyakunin)
百(もも)人(たり) (momotari)		 千(せん)人(にん) (sennin)
千(ち)人(たり) (chitari)		 一(いち)万(まん)人(にん) (ichimannin)
万(まん)人(にん) (mannin)
万(ばん)人(にん) (bannin)		 何(なん)人(にん) (nannin)
幾(いく)人(にん) (ikunin)
幾(いく)人(たり) (ikutari)

Adverb

一(ひと)人(り) • (hitori) 

  1. solely
    Synonym: 単独で (tandoku de)
  2. only, simply
    Synonyms: ただ (tada), ただ単に (tada tan ni), 単に (tan ni)
  3. alone, automatically, by itself, naturally
    Synonyms: 自然に (jinen ni), 独りでに (hitoride ni)

Proper noun

一(ひと)人(り) • (Hitori) 

  1. a female given name

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
一 人
いち
Grade: 1		 にん
Grade: 1
goon
Alternative spelling
1人

From Middle Chinese 一人 (MC 'jit nyin).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) いち​にん [ìchíꜜnìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [it͡ɕiɲ̟ĩɴ]

Noun

一(いち)人(にん) • (ichinin) 

  1. one person
  2. the first or top person in a particular place or field
  3. Synonym of 右大臣 (udaijin): a minister of the right in the imperial Council of State
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
  • 一人(いちにん)虚(きょ)を伝(つた)うれば万(ばん)人(にん)実(じつ)を伝(つた)う (ichinin kyo o tsutaureba bannin jitsu o tsutau)
  • 責(せ)め一人(いちにん)に帰(き)す (seme ichinin ni kisu)
  • 斗(と)南(なん)の一人(いちにん) (tonan no ichinin)
Proverbs
Proverbs
  • 剣(けん)は一(いち)人(にん)の敵(てき)学(まな)ぶに足(た)らず (ken wa ichinin no teki manabu ni tarazu)
  • 天(てん)下(か)は一(いち)人(にん)の天(てん)下(か)にあらず乃(すなわ)ち天(てん)下(か)の天(てん)下(か)なり (tenka wa ichinin no tenka ni arazu sunawachi tenka no tenka nari)
  • 万人(ばんじん)心(こころ)を異(こと)にすれば則(すなわ)ち一(いち)人(にん)の用(よう)無(な)し (banjin kokoro o koto ni sureba sunawachi ichinin no yō nashi)
  • 両(りょう)心(しん)は以(もっ)て一(いち)人(にん)を得(う)べからず一心(いっしん)は以(もっ)て百(ひゃく)人(にん)を得(う)べし (ryōshin wa motte ichinin o ubekarazu isshin wa motte hyakunin o ubeshi)
See also
See also

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
一 人
いち
Grade: 1		 じん
Grade: 1
goon kan’on

Compound of Middle Chinese elements 一 (ichi, “one, 1”, goon reading) +‎ 人 (jin, “person”, kan'on reading).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) いち​じん [ìchíꜜjìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [it͡ɕiʑĩɴ]

Noun

一(いち)人(じん) • (ichijin) 

  1. a ruler with a heavenly mandate, especially the Emperor of Japan
    Synonyms: 上一人 (kami ichinin), 上御一人 (kami go-ichinin), 天子 (tenshi), 天皇 (tennō)
Derived terms
  • 上(かみ)一(いち)人(じん) (kami ichijin)

Etymology 4

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

一人(かずと) or 一人(かずひと) or 一人(かずんど) or 一人(くにひと) • (Kazuto or Kazuhito or Kazundo or Kunihito) 

  1. a male given name

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
一人

Noun

一人 • (irin) (hangeul 일인)

  1. Hanja form? of 일인 (“one person”).

Old Japanese

Alternative forms
  • 獨り

Etymology 1

From 一 (pi1to2, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-ri, counter for persons).

Noun

一人 (pi1to2ri) (kana ひとり)

  1. one person
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 818:
      , text here
      波流佐禮婆麻豆佐久耶登能烏梅能波奈比等利美都都夜波流比久良佐武
      paru sareba madu saku yado1 no2 ume2 no2 pana pi1to2ri mi1tutu ya parupi1 kurasamu
      When spring comes and the first plums bloom in your garden, could you spend the long spring days looking on them by yourself?[1]
  2. an unmarried person, single
    • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 65:
      夜多能比登母登須宜波比登理袁理登母意富岐彌斯與斯登岐許佐婆比登理袁理登母
      Yata no2 pi1to2mo2to2 suge2 pa pi1to2ri wori to2 mo2 opoki1mi1 si yo2si to2 ki1ko2saba pi1to2ri wori to2 mo2
      Though like the single stalk of Yata sedge, I remain alone, if Your Majesty agrees, It will not matter that I remain alone.[2]
Derived terms
  • 一人子 (pi1to2rigo1)
Descendants
See also
  • 樫の實の (kasi no2 mi2 no2), pillow word that can allude to pi1to2ri

Etymology 2

Two possible derivations:

  • From 一 (pi1-, short form of pi1to2, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-tari, counter for persons). However, pi1- was never attested as a short form of pi1to2 until the Middle Japanese stage.
  • Alternatively, a shift from 一 (pi1to2, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-tari, counter for persons):
    ⟨pi1to2 tari⟩ → */pʲit̚tari/ → ⟨pi1dari⟩

Given the shift of -ta to -da due to

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sort=ひたり
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rendaku (連濁), the second derivation seems likely.

Noun

一人 (pi1dari) (kana ひだり)

  1. (rare, possibly regional, Eastern Old Japanese) one person
    • 720, Nihon Shoki, poem 11:
      愛瀰詩烏毗儾利毛毛那比苔比苔破易陪廼毛多牟伽毗毛勢儒
      Emi1si wo pi1dari momo na pi1to2 pi1to2 pa ipe2do2 mo tamukapi1 mo sezu
      A single Emishi is worth a hundred men, so they say, yet they did not resist.

References
  1. Paula Doe, Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 31
  2. Jin'ichi Konishi (2017) Nicholas Teele, transl., Earl Roy Miner, editor, A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 1: The Archaic and Ancient Ages (Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 145
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