サ行変格活用

See also: サ行變格活用

Japanese

Alternative spelling
サ行變格活用 (kyūjitai)

Compound of サ行 (sa-gyō, “sa-row”) +‎ 変格活用 (henkaku katsuyō, “irregular conjugation”).

(Tokyo) さぎょーへんかくかつよー [sáꜜgyòò hèńkákú káꜜtsùyòò] (Atamadaka + Nakadaka – [1]-[5])[1]

サ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) • (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō) ^{←さぎやうへんかくくわつよう (sa-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou)^?}

(grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in s-
Synonyms: サ行変格 (sa-gyō henkaku), サ変 (sa-hen)

Modern	未然形 Irrealis	連用形 Adverbial	終止形 Conclusive	連体形 Attributive	仮定形 Conditional	命令形 Imperative
する (sur-, “to do”)	し (shi) せ (se) さ (sa)	し (shi)	する (suru)	する (suru)	すれ (sure)	しろ (shiro) せよ (seyo)
Archaic	未然形 Irrealis	連用形 Adverbial	終止形 Conclusive	連体形 Attributive	已然形 Realis	命令形 Imperative
す (s-, “to do”)	せ (se)	し (si → shi)	す (su)	する (suru)	すれ (sure)	せよ (seyo₂ → seyo)

Some archaic verbs, such as 愛す (aisu, modern 愛する (aisuru), “to love”) were interchanged with the archaic 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) or modern 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quin-ti grade conjugation”).
Some archaic verbs, due to rendaku (連濁), shifted into modern 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”):

そらにす (sora ni su, “do by memory”) → 諳(そら)んずる (soranzuru) → 諳(そら)んじる (soranjiru, “to memorize”)

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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