ὀδύνη

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”), with parallels in Lithuanian ėdžiótis (“to trouble oneself”) and ὀδύρομαι (odúromai, “to wail”) was compared as well. Another representative of this theory has been seen in Old Armenian երկն (erkn, “birth pain”). Or maybe from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to hate; to bite”). Compare also Albanian dhunë.

Pronunciation
 

Noun

ὀδύνη • (odúnē) f (genitive ὀδύνης); first declension

  1. pain of body
  2. pain of mind, grief, distress

Inflection
First declension of ἡ ὀδῠ́νη; τῆς ὀδῠ́νης (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ ὀδῠ́νη
hē odúnē		 τὼ ὀδῠ́νᾱ
tṑ odúnā		 αἱ ὀδῠ́ναι
hai odúnai
Genitive τῆς ὀδῠ́νης
tês odúnēs		 τοῖν ὀδῠ́ναιν
toîn odúnain		 τῶν ὀδῠνῶν
tôn odunôn
Dative τῇ ὀδῠ́νῃ
têi odúnēi		 τοῖν ὀδῠ́ναιν
toîn odúnain		 ταῖς ὀδῠ́ναις
taîs odúnais
Accusative τὴν ὀδῠ́νην
tḕn odúnēn		 τὼ ὀδῠ́νᾱ
tṑ odúnā		 τᾱ̀ς ὀδῠ́νᾱς
tā̀s odúnās
Vocative ὀδῠ́νη
odúnē		 ὀδῠ́νᾱ
odúnā		 ὀδῠ́ναι
odúnai
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
First declension of ὀδῠ́νη; ὀδῠ́νης (Epic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὀδῠ́νη
odúnē		 ὀδῠ́νᾱ
odúnā		 ὀδῠ́ναι
odúnai
Genitive ὀδῠ́νης
odúnēs		 ὀδῠ́ναιν / ὀδῠ́ναιῐν / ὀδῠ́νῃῐν
odúnai(i)n / odúnēiin		 ὀδῠνᾱ́ων / ὀδῠνέ͜ων / ὀδῠνῶν
odunā́ōn / oduné͜ōn / odunôn
Dative ὀδῠ́νῃ
odúnēi		 ὀδῠ́ναιν / ὀδῠ́ναιῐν / ὀδῠ́νῃῐν
odúnai(i)n / odúnēiin		 ὀδῠ́νῃσῐ / ὀδῠ́νῃσῐν / ὀδῠ́νῃς / ὀδῠ́ναις
odúnēisi(n) / odúnēis / odúnais
Accusative ὀδῠ́νην
odúnēn		 ὀδῠ́νᾱ
odúnā		 ὀδῠ́νᾱς
odúnās
Vocative ὀδῠ́νη
odúnē		 ὀδῠ́νᾱ
odúnā		 ὀδῠ́ναι
odúnai
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms
  • ἀνώδυνος (anṓdunos)
  • ὀδυναίτερος (odunaíteros)
  • ὀδυνάω (odunáō)
  • ὀδύνημα (odúnēma)
  • ὀδυνηρός (odunērós)
  • ὀδυνήφατος (odunḗphatos)
  • ὀδυνηφόρος (odunēphóros)
  • ὀδυνοσπάς (odunospás)
  • ὀδυνώδης (odunṓdēs)

Descendants
  • Greek: οδύνη (odýni)

Further reading
  • “ὀδύνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ὀδύνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “ὀδύνη”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ὀδύνη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ὀδύνη in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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