Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ed-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ed-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁ed- (imperfective)[1]

to eat

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ed-‎ (42 c, 0 e)

*h₁éd-ti ~ *h₁d-énti (athematic root present)
*h₁od-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Germanic: *atjaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hādáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hādáyati
    - Sanskrit: आदयति (ādáyati)
*h₁ōd-e/o- (a lengthened grade of disputed origin)[2]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ուտեմ (utem)
*h₁ēd-so-
- Proto-Germanic: *ēsaz (“food, carrion, bait”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian A: yats (“skin”)
  - Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”)
*h₁éd-tōr (“eater”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: अत्तृ (attṛ́)
- Proto-Italic: *essōr
  - Latin: ēsor
*h₂eyeri-h₁d-to-
- Proto-Hellenic: *ayerīston
  - Ancient Greek: ᾱ̓́ρῑστον (ā́rīston)
*h₁éd-nom (“eaten”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádnam
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hánnam
    - Sanskrit: अन्न (ánna) (see there for further descendants)
*h₁éd-wr̥ ~ *h₁d-wén-s
- Proto-Germanic: *etunaz (thematicized from *h₁ed-un-os) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: εἶδαρ (eîdar)
*n̥-h₁d-ti- (“having no eating”)[3][4]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: նաւթի (nawtʻi, “hungry”)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: νῆστις (nêstis, “not eating, fasting, sober (jejune)”)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *eda[5]
  - Albanian: ha (“I eat”) (with preservation of the laryngeal?)
- Anatolian:
  - Luwian: 𒀀𒁺𒈾 (aduna)

References

Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 644
Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982) Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 67
Beekes, Robert S. P. (1988) “Laryngeal developments: A survey”, in Alfred Bammesberger, editor, Die Laryngaltheorie und die Rekonstruktion des indogermanischen Laut- und Formensystems, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter, page 78
Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ha”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140-1

Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag

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[Ringe_2006-1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 644

[3] Klingenschmitt, Gert (1982) Das altarmenische Verbum (in German), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 67

[4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (1988) “Laryngeal developments: A survey”, in Alfred Bammesberger, editor, Die Laryngaltheorie und die Rekonstruktion des indogermanischen Laut- und Formensystems, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter, page 78

[5] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ha”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140-1