dhunë

Albanian

Alternative forms
  • dhurë

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *(e)δunā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁(e)dun-eh₂ (“pain, smart”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain, smart, harm”). The variant dhurë occurs beside dhunë with retention of the rhotacism of the intervocalic nasal.[1] Alternatively from Proto-Albanian *edunti or *adunti, also cognate to Old Armenian երկն (erkn).[2]

Noun

dhunë f (plural dhuna, definite dhuna, definite plural dhunat)

  1. (physical, mental, spiritual) violence, force, coercion, oppression
  2. (physical or verbal) humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)
  3. damage, injury
  4. blemish

Declension
Declension of dhunë
indefinite definite
singular plural singular plural
nominative dhunë dhuna dhuna dhunat
accusative dhunën
dative dhune dhunave dhunës dhunavet
ablative dhunash

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms
  • dhuna f, dhunat f
    • dhunas
    • dhunëtar m, dhunëtari m
    • dhunohem (mediopassive)
    • dhunoj (active)
    • dhunim m, dhunimi m
    • dhunshëm
    • dhunuar (participle)
    • dhunues m, dhunuese f
  • përdhunë f, përdhuna f
    • përdhunët
    • përdhuni f, përdhunia f
    • përdhunim m, përdhunimi m
    • përdhunisht
    • përdhunohem (mediopassive)
    • përdhunoj (active)
    • përdhunshëm
    • përdhunuar (participle)
    • përdhunues m, përdhunuesi m
  • dhe m, dheu m, dhera (Gheg dhena), dherat (Gheg dhenat)
  • përdhe
    • përdhos (active)
    • përdhosem (mediopassive)
    • përdhosje f, përdhosja f
    • përdhosur (participle)

Further reading
  • noun dhúnë • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

References
  1. Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 163
  2. Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 155
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