हृ

Sanskrit

Alternative forms
  • हर् (har)

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • হৃ (Assamese script)
  • ᬳᬺ (Balinese script)
  • হৃ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰮𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀳𑀾 (Brahmi script)
  • ဟၖ (Burmese script)
  • હૃ (Gujarati script)
  • ਹ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌹𑍃 (Grantha script)
  • ꦲꦽ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂯𑃂 (Kaithi script)
  • ಹೃ (Kannada script)
  • ហ្ឫ (Khmer script)
  • ຫ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
  • ഹൃ (Malayalam script)
  • ᡥᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘮𑘵 (Modi script)
  • ᠾᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧎𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐴𑐺 (Newa script)
  • ହୃ (Odia script)
  • ꢲꢺ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆲𑆸 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖮𑖴 (Siddham script)
  • හෘ (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑪂𑩙 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚩 (Takri script)
  • ஹ்ரி (Tamil script)
  • హృ (Telugu script)
  • หฺฤ (Thai script)
  • ཧྲྀ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒯𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨱𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Of uncertain origin. The traditional derivation by Pokorny from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to want, yearn”) (whence हर्य् (hary, “to like, delight in”)) is not mentioned at all by Mayrhofer, who suggests a partial relation to भृ (bhṛ, “to bear, carry”), as well as contamination by both भृ (bhṛ) and घृ (ghṛ, “to besprinkle, moisten”). He mentions that ascertaining the ultimate origins of हृ (hṛ) is difficult due to the semantic overlap described above.

Root

हृ • (hṛ)

  1. to take
Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root हृ‎ (0 c, 11 e)
Primary Verbal Forms
Secondary Forms
  • ह्रियते (hriyáte, Passive)
  • अहारि (áhāri, Passive Aorist)
  • हारयति (hāráyati, Causative)
  • अजीहरत् (ájīharat, Causative Aorist)
  • जिहीर्षति (jíhīrṣati, Desiderative)
  • जरीहर्ति (jarīharti, Intensive)
  • जेह्रीयते (jehrīyate, Intensive)
Non-Finite Forms
  • हर्तुम् (hártum, Infinitive)
  • हर्तवे (hártave, Infinitive)
  • हर्तवै (hartavái, Infinitive)
  • हर्तोस् (hártos, Infinitive)
  • हरितुम् (háritum, Infinitive)
  • हारम् (hā́ram, Infinitive)
  • हृत्वा (hṛtvā́, Gerund)
  • हरणीय (haraṇīya, Gerundive)
  • हर्तव्य (hartavya, Gerundive)
  • हृत (hṛtá, Past Participle)
Derived Nominal Forms
  • हृत्य (hṛ́tya)
  • हर (hara)
  • हार (hāra)
  • हारक (hāraka)
  • हारिन् (hārin)
  • हार्य (hārya)
  • हरण (háraṇa)
  • हारण (hāraṇa)
  • हरस् (háras)
  • हारुक (hā́ruka)
  • हृत् (hṛt)
  • हृति (hṛti)
  • हर्तृ (hartṛ)
  • जिहीर्षा (jihīrṣā)
  • जिहीर्षु (jihīrṣu)
  • हारयितव्य (hārayitavya)
  • अनाहार (anāhāra)
  • आहार (āhāra)
  • व्यवहार (vyavahāra)
Prefixed Root Forms
  • आहृ (āhṛ)
  • व्यवहृ (vyavahṛ)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárH- (“vex; to be upset”), and cognate with Persian آزردن (âzordan, “to annoy, torment”).

Root

हृ • (hṛ)

  1. to be angry or wroth
Derived terms
  • अभिहृणीथाः (abhihṛṇīthāḥ)
  • हृणान (hṛṇāna)
  • हृणीते (hṛṇīte)
  • हृणीथाः (hṛṇīthāḥ)

References
  • Monier Williams (1899) “हृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302/1.
  • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 207
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 803-4; 805
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 578-9; 604-5
  • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH2”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 440
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